Add new user builds, add school 548 course overview

+ minor doc fixes.

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ jobs:
       with:
         name: firmware-binary
         path: flix/build
-    - name: Build firmware without Wi-Fi
+    - name: Build firmware for ESP32-S3
+      run: make BOARD=esp32:esp32:esp32s3
+    - name: Build firmware with WiFi disabled
       run: sed -i 's/^#define WIFI_ENABLED 1$/#define WIFI_ENABLED 0/' flix/flix.ino && make
     - name: Check c_cpp_properties.json
       run: tools/check_c_cpp_properties.py
@@ -53,15 +55,25 @@ jobs:
       run: python3 tools/check_c_cpp_properties.py
 
   build_simulator:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container:
+      image: ubuntu:20.04
     steps:
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        apt-get update
+        DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y curl wget build-essential cmake g++ pkg-config gnupg2 lsb-release sudo
     - name: Install Arduino CLI
       uses: arduino/setup-arduino-cli@v1.1.1
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Install Gazebo
-      run: curl -sSL http://get.gazebosim.org | sh
+      run: |
+        sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.osrfoundation.org/gazebo/ubuntu-stable `lsb_release -cs` main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/gazebo-stable.list'
+        wget https://packages.osrfoundation.org/gazebo.key -O - | sudo apt-key add -
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install -y gazebo11 libgazebo11-dev
     - name: Install SDL2
-      run: sudo apt-get install libsdl2-dev
+      run: sudo apt-get install -y libsdl2-dev
     - name: Build simulator
       run: make build_simulator
     - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4

.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@
 			"includePath": [
 				"${workspaceFolder}/flix",
 				"${workspaceFolder}/gazebo",
+				"${workspaceFolder}/tools/**",
 				"~/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/cores/esp32",
 				"~/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/libraries/**",
 				"~/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/variants/d1_mini32",
 				"~/.arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.4-2f7dcd86-v1/esp32/**",
 				"~/.arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.4-2f7dcd86-v1/esp32/dio_qspi/include",
 				"~/Arduino/libraries/**",
-				"/usr/include/**"
+				"/usr/include/gazebo-11/",
+				"/usr/include/ignition/math6/"
 			],
 			"forcedInclude": [
 				"${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/intellisense.h",
@@ -51,14 +53,14 @@
 			"name": "Mac",
 			"includePath": [
 				"${workspaceFolder}/flix",
-				// "${workspaceFolder}/gazebo",
 				"~/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/cores/esp32",
 				"~/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/libraries/**",
 				"~/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/variants/d1_mini32",
 				"~/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.4-2f7dcd86-v1/esp32/include/**",
 				"~/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.4-2f7dcd86-v1/esp32/dio_qspi/include",
 				"~/Documents/Arduino/libraries/**",
-				"/opt/homebrew/include/**"
+				"/opt/homebrew/include/gazebo-11/",
+				"/opt/homebrew/include/ignition/math6/"
 			],
 			"forcedInclude": [
 				"${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/intellisense.h",
@@ -100,6 +102,7 @@
 			"includePath": [
 				"${workspaceFolder}/flix",
 				"${workspaceFolder}/gazebo",
+				"${workspaceFolder}/tools/**",
 				"~/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/cores/esp32",
 				"~/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/libraries/**",
 				"~/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/variants/d1_mini32",

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"C_Cpp.intelliSenseEngineFallback": "enabled",
+	"C_Cpp.errorSquiggles": "disabled",
 	"files.associations": {
 		"*.sdf": "xml",
 		"*.ino": "cpp",

Makefile

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ simulator: build_simulator
 	gazebo --verbose ${CURDIR}/gazebo/flix.world
 
 log:
-	PORT=$(PORT) tools/grab_log.py
+	tools/log.py
 
 plot:
 	plotjuggler -d $(shell ls -t tools/log/*.csv | head -n1)

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Flix
 
-**Flix** (*flight + X*) — making an open source ESP32-based quadcopter from scratch.
+**Flix** (*flight + X*) — open source ESP32-based quadcopter made from scratch.
 
 <table>
   <tr>
@@ -52,25 +52,29 @@ The simulator is implemented using Gazebo and runs the original Arduino code:
 
 <img src="docs/img/simulator1.png" width=500 alt="Flix simulator">
 
-## Articles
+## Documentation
+
+1. [Assembly instructions](docs/assembly.md).
+2. [Usage: build, setup and flight](docs/usage.md).
+3. [Simulation](gazebo/README.md).
+4. [Python library](tools/pyflix/README.md).
+
+Additional articles:
 
-* [Assembly instructions](docs/assembly.md).
-* [Usage: build, setup and flight](docs/usage.md).
-* [Troubleshooting](docs/troubleshooting.md).
-* [Firmware architecture overview](docs/firmware.md).
-* [Python library tutorial](tools/pyflix/README.md).
-* [Log analysis](docs/log.md).
 * [User builds gallery](docs/user.md).
+* [Firmware architectural overview](docs/firmware.md).
+* [Troubleshooting](docs/troubleshooting.md).
+* [Log analysis](docs/log.md).
 
 ## Components
 
 |Type|Part|Image|Quantity|
 |-|-|:-:|:-:|
 |Microcontroller board|ESP32 Mini|<img src="docs/img/esp32.jpg" width=100>|1|
-|IMU (and barometer²) board|GY‑91, MPU-9265 (or other MPU‑9250/MPU‑6500 board)<br>ICM20948V2 (ICM‑20948)³<br>GY-521 (MPU-6050)³⁻¹|<img src="docs/img/gy-91.jpg" width=90 align=center><br><img src="docs/img/icm-20948.jpg" width=100><br><img src="docs/img/gy-521.jpg" width=100>|1|
-|<span style="background:yellow">Buck-boost converter</span> (recommended)|To be determined, output 5V or 3.3V, see [user-contributed schematics](https://miro.com/app/board/uXjVN-dTjoo=/?moveToWidget=3458764612179508274&cot=14)|<img src="docs/img/buck-boost.jpg" width=100>|1|
-|Motor|8520 3.7V brushed motor (shaft 0.8mm).<br>Motor with exact 3.7V voltage is needed, not ranged working voltage (3.7V — 6V).|<img src="docs/img/motor.jpeg" width=100>|4|
-|Propeller|Hubsan 55 mm|<img src="docs/img/prop.jpg" width=100>|4|
+|IMU (and barometer¹) board|GY‑91, MPU-9265 (or other MPU‑9250/MPU‑6500 board)<br>ICM20948V2 (ICM‑20948)³<br>GY-521 (MPU-6050)³⁻¹|<img src="docs/img/gy-91.jpg" width=90 align=center><br><img src="docs/img/icm-20948.jpg" width=100><br><img src="docs/img/gy-521.jpg" width=100>|1|
+|Boost converter (optional, for more stable power supply)|5V output|<img src="docs/img/buck-boost.jpg" width=100>|1|
+|Motor|8520 3.7V brushed motor.<br>Motor with exact 3.7V voltage is needed, not ranged working voltage (3.7V — 6V).<br>Make sure the motor shaft diameter and propeller hole diameter match!|<img src="docs/img/motor.jpeg" width=100>|4|
+|Propeller|55 mm (alternatively 65 mm)|<img src="docs/img/prop.jpg" width=100>|4|
 |MOSFET (transistor)|100N03A or [analog](https://t.me/opensourcequadcopter/33)|<img src="docs/img/100n03a.jpg" width=100>|4|
 |Pull-down resistor|10 kΩ|<img src="docs/img/resistor10k.jpg" width=100>|4|
 |3.7V Li-Po battery|LW 952540 (or any compatible by the size)|<img src="docs/img/battery.jpg" width=100>|1|
@@ -78,19 +82,17 @@ The simulator is implemented using Gazebo and runs the original Arduino code:
 |Li-Po Battery charger|Any|<img src="docs/img/charger.jpg" width=100>|1|
 |Screws for IMU board mounting|M3x5|<img src="docs/img/screw-m3.jpg" width=100>|2|
 |Screws for frame assembly|M1.4x5|<img src="docs/img/screw-m1.4.jpg" height=30 align=center>|4|
-|Frame main part|3D printed⁴:<br>[`flix-frame-1.1.stl`](docs/assets/flix-frame-1.1.stl) [`flix-frame-1.1.step`](docs/assets/flix-frame-1.1.step)<br>Recommended settings: layer 0.2 mm, line 0.4 mm, infill 100%.|<img src="docs/img/frame1.jpg" width=100>|1|
-|Frame top part|3D printed:<br>[`esp32-holder.stl`](docs/assets/esp32-holder.stl) [`esp32-holder.step`](docs/assets/esp32-holder.step)|<img src="docs/img/esp32-holder.jpg" width=100>|1|
-|Washer for IMU board mounting|3D printed:<br>[`washer-m3.stl`](docs/assets/washer-m3.stl) [`washer-m3.step`](docs/assets/washer-m3.step)|<img src="docs/img/washer-m3.jpg" width=100>|2|
+|Frame main part|3D printed²: [`stl`](docs/assets/flix-frame-1.1.stl) [`step`](docs/assets/flix-frame-1.1.step)<br>Recommended settings: layer 0.2 mm, line 0.4 mm, infill 100%.|<img src="docs/img/frame1.jpg" width=100>|1|
+|Frame top part|3D printed: [`stl`](docs/assets/esp32-holder.stl) [`step`](docs/assets/esp32-holder.step)|<img src="docs/img/esp32-holder.jpg" width=100>|1|
+|Washer for IMU board mounting|3D printed: [`stl`](docs/assets/washer-m3.stl) [`step`](docs/assets/washer-m3.step)|<img src="docs/img/washer-m3.jpg" width=100>|2|
 |Controller (recommended)|CC2500 transmitter, like BetaFPV LiteRadio CC2500 (RC receiver/Wi-Fi).<br>Two-sticks gamepad (Wi-Fi only) — see [recommended gamepads](https://docs.qgroundcontrol.com/master/en/qgc-user-guide/setup_view/joystick.html#supported-joysticks).<br>Other⁵|<img src="docs/img/betafpv.jpg" width=100><img src="docs/img/logitech.jpg" width=80>|1|
-|*RC receiver (optional)*|*DF500 or other⁵*|<img src="docs/img/rx.jpg" width=100>|1|
+|*RC receiver (optional)*|*DF500 or other³*|<img src="docs/img/rx.jpg" width=100>|1|
 |Wires|28 AWG recommended|<img src="docs/img/wire-28awg.jpg" width=100>||
 |Tape, double-sided tape||||
 
-*² — barometer is not used for now.*<br>
-*³ — change `MPU9250` to `ICM20948` or `MPU6050` in `imu.ino` file for using the appropriate boards.*<br>
-*³⁻¹ — MPU-6050 supports I²C interface only (not recommended). To use it change IMU declaration to `MPU6050 IMU(Wire)`.*<br>
-*⁴ — this frame is optimized for GY-91 board, if using other, the board mount holes positions should be modified.*<br>
-*⁵ — you also may use any transmitter-receiver pair with SBUS interface.*
+*¹ — barometer is not used for now.*<br>
+*² — this frame is optimized for GY-91 board, if using other, the board mount holes positions should be modified.*<br>
+*³ — you also may use any transmitter-receiver pair with SBUS interface.*
 
 Tools required for assembly:
 
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@ Tools required for assembly:
 * Screwdrivers.
 * Multimeter.
 
-Feel free to modify the design and or code, and create your own improved versions of Flix! Send your results to the [official Telegram chat](https://t.me/opensourcequadcopterchat), or directly to the author ([E-mail](mailto:okalachev@gmail.com), [Telegram](https://t.me/okalachev)).
+Feel free to modify the design and or code, and create your own improved versions. Send your results to the [official Telegram chat](https://t.me/opensourcequadcopterchat), or directly to the author ([E-mail](mailto:okalachev@gmail.com), [Telegram](https://t.me/okalachev)).
 
 ## Schematics
 
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ Feel free to modify the design and or code, and create your own improved version
 
 <img src="docs/img/schematics1.svg" width=700 alt="Flix version 1 schematics">
 
-*(Dashed is optional).*
+*(Dashed elements are optional).*
 
 Motor connection scheme:
 
@@ -116,8 +118,6 @@ Motor connection scheme:
 
 You can see a user-contributed [variant of complete circuit diagram](https://miro.com/app/board/uXjVN-dTjoo=/?moveToWidget=3458764612338222067&cot=14) of the drone.
 
-See [assembly guide](docs/assembly.md) for instructions on assembling the drone.
-
 ### Notes
 
 * Power ESP32 Mini with Li-Po battery using VCC (+) and GND (-) pins.
@@ -135,14 +135,15 @@ See [assembly guide](docs/assembly.md) for instructions on assembling the drone.
 * Solder pull-down resistors to the MOSFETs.
 * Connect the motors to the ESP32 Mini using MOSFETs, by following scheme:
 
-  |Motor|Position|Direction|Wires|GPIO|
-  |-|-|-|-|-|
-  |Motor 0|Rear left|Counter-clockwise|Black & White|GPIO12 (*TDI*)|
-  |Motor 1|Rear right|Clockwise|Blue & Red|GPIO13 (*TCK*)|
-  |Motor 2|Front right|Counter-clockwise|Black & White|GPIO14 (*TMS*)|
-  |Motor 3|Front left|Clockwise|Blue & Red|GPIO15 (*TD0*)|
+  |Motor|Position|Direction|Prop type|Motor wires|GPIO|
+  |-|-|-|-|-|-|
+  |Motor 0|Rear left|Counter-clockwise|B|Black & White|GPIO12 (*TDI*)|
+  |Motor 1|Rear right|Clockwise|A|Blue & Red|GPIO13 (*TCK*)|
+  |Motor 2|Front right|Counter-clockwise|B|Black & White|GPIO14 (*TMS*)|
+  |Motor 3|Front left|Clockwise|A|Blue & Red|GPIO15 (*TD0*)|
 
-  Counter-clockwise motors have black and white wires and clockwise motors have blue and red wires.
+  Clockwise motors have blue & red wires and correspond to propeller type A (marked on the propeller).
+  Counter-clockwise motors have black & white wires correspond to propeller type B.
 
 * Optionally connect the RC receiver to the ESP32's UART2:
 
@@ -150,32 +151,18 @@ See [assembly guide](docs/assembly.md) for instructions on assembling the drone.
   |-|-|
   |GND|GND|
   |VIN|VCC (or 3.3V depending on the receiver)|
-  |Signal (TX)|GPIO4⁶|
+  |Signal (TX)|GPIO4¹|
 
-*⁶ — UART2 RX pin was [changed](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/arduino-esp32/en/latest/migration_guides/2.x_to_3.0.html#id14) to GPIO4 in Arduino ESP32 core 3.0.*
+*¹ — UART2 RX pin was [changed](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/arduino-esp32/en/latest/migration_guides/2.x_to_3.0.html#id14) to GPIO4 in Arduino ESP32 core 3.0.*
 
-### IMU placement
+## Resources
 
-Default IMU orientation in the code is **LFD** (Left-Forward-Down):
-
-<img src="docs/img/gy91-lfd.svg" width=400 alt="GY-91 axes">
-
-In case of using other IMU orientation, modify the `rotateIMU` function in the `imu.ino` file.
-
-See [FlixPeriph documentation](https://github.com/okalachev/flixperiph?tab=readme-ov-file#imu-axes-orientation) to learn axis orientation of other IMU boards.
-
-## Materials
-
-Subscribe to the Telegram channel on developing the drone and the flight controller (in Russian): https://t.me/opensourcequadcopter.
-
-Join the official Telegram chat: https://t.me/opensourcequadcopterchat.
-
-Detailed article on Habr.com about the development of the drone (in Russian): https://habr.com/ru/articles/814127/.
-
-See the information on the obsolete version 0 in the [corresponding article](docs/version0.md).
+* Telegram channel on developing the drone and the flight controller (in Russian): https://t.me/opensourcequadcopter.
+* Official Telegram chat: https://t.me/opensourcequadcopterchat.
+* Detailed article on Habr.com about the development of the drone (in Russian): https://habr.com/ru/articles/814127/.
 
 ## Disclaimer
 
-This is a fun DIY project, and I hope you find it interesting and useful. However, it's not easy to assemble and set up, and it's provided "as is" without any warranties. There’s no guarantee that it will work perfectly — or even work at all.
+This is a DIY project, and I hope you find it interesting and useful. However, it's not easy to assemble and set up, and it's provided "as is" without any warranties. There's no guarantee that it will work perfectly, or even work at all.
 
 ⚠️ The author is not responsible for any damage, injury, or loss resulting from the use of this project. Use at your own risk!

docs/assembly.md

@@ -27,3 +27,27 @@ Soldered components ([schematics variant](https://miro.com/app/board/uXjVN-dTjoo
 <br>Assembled drone:
 
 <img src="img/assembly/7.jpg" width=600>
+
+## Motor directions
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> The drone above is an early build, and it has **inversed** motor directions scheme. The photos only illustrate the assembly process in general.
+
+Use standard motor directions scheme:
+
+<img src="img/motors.svg" width=200>
+
+Motors connection table:
+
+|Motor|Position|Direction|Prop type|Motor wires|GPIO|
+|-|-|-|-|-|-|
+|Motor 0|Rear left|Counter-clockwise|B|Black & White|GPIO12 (*TDI*)|
+|Motor 1|Rear right|Clockwise|A|Blue & Red|GPIO13 (*TCK*)|
+|Motor 2|Front right|Counter-clockwise|B|Black & White|GPIO14 (*TMS*)|
+|Motor 3|Front left|Clockwise|A|Blue & Red|GPIO15 (*TD0*)|
+
+## Motors tightening
+
+Motors should be installed very tightly — any vibration may lead to bad attitude estimation and unstable flight. If motors are loose, use tiny tape pieces to fix them tightly as shown below:
+
+<img src="img/motor-tape.jpg" width=600>

docs/book/firmware.md

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 * `acc` *(Vector)* — данные с акселерометра, *м/с<sup>2</sup>*.
 * `rates` *(Vector)* — отфильтрованные угловые скорости, *рад/с*.
 * `attitude` *(Quaternion)* — оценка ориентации (положения) дрона.
-* `controlRoll`, `controlPitch`, ... *(float[])* — команды управления от пилота, в диапазоне [-1, 1].
-* `motors` *(float[])* — выходные сигналы на моторы, в диапазоне [0, 1].
+* `controlRoll`, `controlPitch`, `controlYaw`, `controlThrottle`, `controlMode` *(float)* — команды управления от пилота, в диапазоне [-1, 1].
+* `motors` *(float[4])* — выходные сигналы на моторы, в диапазоне [0, 1].
 
 ## Исходные файлы
 

docs/build.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-usage.md

docs/build.md

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+<!-- markdownlint-disable MD041 -->
+Build instructions are moved to [usage article](usage.md).

docs/firmware.md

@@ -6,20 +6,20 @@ The firmware is a regular Arduino sketch, and it follows the classic Arduino one
 
 <img src="img/dataflow.svg" width=600 alt="Firmware dataflow diagram">
 
-The main loop is running at 1000 Hz. All the dataflow goes through global variables (for simplicity):
+The main loop is running at 1000 Hz. The dataflow goes through global variables, including:
 
-* `t` *(double)* — current step time, *s*.
+* `t` *(float)* — current step time, *s*.
 * `dt` *(float)* — time delta between the current and previous steps, *s*.
 * `gyro` *(Vector)* — data from the gyroscope, *rad/s*.
 * `acc` *(Vector)* — acceleration data from the accelerometer, *m/s<sup>2</sup>*.
 * `rates` *(Vector)* — filtered angular rates, *rad/s*.
 * `attitude` *(Quaternion)* — estimated attitude (orientation) of drone.
-* `controlRoll`, `controlPitch`, ... *(float[])* — pilot control inputs, range [-1, 1].
-* `motors` *(float[])* — motor outputs, range [0, 1].
+* `controlRoll`, `controlPitch`, `controlYaw`, `controlThrottle`, `controlMode` *(float)* — pilot control inputs, range [-1, 1].
+* `motors` *(float[4])* — motor outputs, range [0, 1].
 
 ## Source files
 
-Firmware source files are located in `flix` directory. The core files are:
+Firmware source files are located in `flix` directory.
 
 * [`flix.ino`](../flix/flix.ino) — Arduino sketch main file, entry point.Includes some global variable definitions and the main loop.
 * [`imu.ino`](../flix/imu.ino) — reading data from the IMU sensor (gyroscope and accelerometer), IMU calibration.
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ Firmware source files are located in `flix` directory. The core files are:
 * [`control.ino`](../flix/control.ino) — control subsystem, three-dimensional two-level cascade PID controller.
 * [`motors.ino`](../flix/motors.ino) — PWM motor output control.
 * [`mavlink.ino`](../flix/mavlink.ino) — interaction with QGroundControl or [pyflix](../tools/pyflix) via MAVLink protocol.
+* [`cli.ino`](../flix/cli.ino) — serial and MAVLink console.
 
 Utility files:
 
@@ -45,12 +46,22 @@ Pilot inputs are interpreted in `interpretControls()`, and then converted to the
 * `torqueTarget` *(Vector)* — target torque, range [-1, 1].
 * `thrustTarget` *(float)* — collective thrust target, range [0, 1].
 
-Control command is processed in `controlAttitude()`, `controlRates()`, `controlTorque()` functions. Each function may be skipped if the corresponding target is set to `NAN`.
+Control command is handled in `controlAttitude()`, `controlRates()`, `controlTorque()` functions. Each function may be skipped if the corresponding control target is set to `NAN`.
 
 <img src="img/control.svg" width=300 alt="Control subsystem diagram">
 
 Armed state is stored in `armed` variable, and current mode is stored in `mode` variable.
 
-## Building
+### Console
+
+To write into the console, `print()` function is used. This function sends data both to the Serial console and to the MAVLink console (which can be accessed wirelessly in QGroundControl). The function supports formatting:
+
+```cpp
+print("Test value: %.2f\n", testValue);
+```
+
+In order to add a console command, modify the `doCommand()` function in `cli.ino` file.
+
+## Building the firmware
 
 See build instructions in [usage.md](usage.md).

docs/img/drone-axes-rotate.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 813.79 508.65">
+  <defs>
+    <style>
+      .a, .d, .f, .j, .p {
+        fill: none;
+      }
+
+      .a {
+        stroke: #d5d5d5;
+        stroke-width: 31px;
+      }
+
+      .a, .p {
+        stroke-miterlimit: 10;
+      }
+
+      .b {
+        fill: #ff9400;
+      }
+
+      .c {
+        opacity: 0.8;
+      }
+
+      .d {
+        stroke: #d80100;
+      }
+
+      .d, .f, .j {
+        stroke-linejoin: bevel;
+        stroke-width: 13px;
+      }
+
+      .e {
+        fill: #d80100;
+      }
+
+      .f {
+        stroke: #57ed00;
+      }
+
+      .g {
+        fill: #57ed00;
+      }
+
+      .h {
+        fill: #c1c1c1;
+      }
+
+      .i {
+        opacity: 0.12;
+      }
+
+      .j {
+        stroke: #0076ba;
+      }
+
+      .k {
+        fill: #0076ba;
+      }
+
+      .l {
+        font-size: 50px;
+        font-family: Tahoma;
+      }
+
+      .m {
+        letter-spacing: -0.01em;
+      }
+
+      .n {
+        letter-spacing: -0.01em;
+      }
+
+      .o {
+        letter-spacing: 0em;
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docs/img/motors.svg

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+        fill: #fff;
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+      .g, .h {
+        font-family: Tahoma;
+      }
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+        font-size: 20px;
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+  </g>
+</svg>

docs/log.md

@@ -2,11 +2,7 @@
 
 Flix quadcopter uses RAM to store flight log data. The default log capacity is 10 seconds at 100 Hz. This configuration can be adjusted in the `log.ino` file.
 
-To perform log analysis, you need to download the log right after the flight without powering off the drone. Then you can use several tools to analyze the log data.
-
-## Log download
-
-To download the log, connect the ESP32 using USB right after the flight and run the following command:
+To perform log analysis, you need to download the flight log. To to that, ensure you're connected to the drone using Wi-Fi and run the following command:
 
 ```bash
 make log

docs/troubleshooting.md

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ Do the following:
   * `mfl` — should rotate front left motor (clockwise).
   * `mrl` — should rotate rear left motor (counter-clockwise).
   * `mrr` — should rotate rear right motor (clockwise).
-* **Calibrate the RC** if you use it. Type `cr` command in Serial Monitor and follow the instructions.
-* **Check the RC data** if you use it. Use `rc` command, `Control` should show correct values between -1 and 1, and between 0 and 1 for the throttle.
+* **Check the propeller directions are correct**. Make sure your propeller types (A or B) are installed as on the picture:
+  <img src="img/user/peter_ukhov-2/1.jpg" width="200">
+* **Check the remote control**. Using `rc` command, check the control values reflect your sticks movement. All the controls should change between -1 and 1, and throttle between 0 and 1.
+* If using SBUS receiver, **calibrate the RC**. Type `cr` command in Serial Monitor and follow the instructions.
 * **Check the IMU output using QGroundControl**. Connect to the drone using QGroundControl on your computer. Go to the *Analyze* tab, *MAVLINK Inspector*. Plot the data from the `SCALED_IMU` message. The gyroscope and accelerometer data should change according to the drone movement.

docs/usage.md

@@ -1,127 +1,38 @@
 # Usage: build, setup and flight
 
-To use Flix, you need to build the firmware and upload it to the ESP32 board. For simulation, you need to build and run the simulator.
+To fly Flix quadcopter, you need to build the firmware, upload it to the ESP32 board, and set up the drone for flight.
 
-For the start, clone the repository using git:
+To get the firmware sources, clone the repository using git:
 
 ```bash
-git clone https://github.com/okalachev/flix.git
-cd flix
+git clone https://github.com/okalachev/flix.git && cd flix
 ```
 
-## Simulation
+Beginners can [download the source code as a ZIP archive](https://github.com/okalachev/flix/archive/refs/heads/master.zip).
 
-### Ubuntu
+## Building the firmware
 
-The latest version of Ubuntu supported by Gazebo 11 simulator is 22.04. If you have a newer version, consider using a virtual machine.
-
-1. Install Arduino CLI:
-
-   ```bash
-   curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/arduino-cli/master/install.sh | BINDIR=~/.local/bin sh
-   ```
-
-2. Install Gazebo 11:
-
-   ```bash
-   curl -sSL http://get.gazebosim.org | sh
-   ```
-
-   Set up your Gazebo environment variables:
-
-   ```bash
-   echo "source /usr/share/gazebo/setup.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
-   source ~/.bashrc
-   ```
-
-3. Install SDL2 and other dependencies:
-
-   ```bash
-   sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install build-essential libsdl2-dev
-   ```
-
-4. Add your user to the `input` group to enable joystick support (you need to re-login after this command):
-
-   ```bash
-   sudo usermod -a -G input $USER
-   ```
-
-5. Run the simulation:
-
-   ```bash
-   make simulator
-   ```
-
-### macOS
-
-1. Install Homebrew package manager, if you don't have it installed:
-
-   ```bash
-   /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
-   ```
-
-2. Install Arduino CLI, Gazebo 11 and SDL2:
-
-   ```bash
-   brew tap osrf/simulation
-   brew install arduino-cli
-   brew install gazebo11
-   brew install sdl2
-   ```
-
-   Set up your Gazebo environment variables:
-
-   ```bash
-   echo "source /opt/homebrew/share/gazebo/setup.sh" >> ~/.zshrc
-   source ~/.zshrc
-   ```
-
-3. Run the simulation:
-
-   ```bash
-   make simulator
-   ```
-
-### Setup
-
-#### Control with smartphone
-
-1. Install [QGroundControl mobile app](https://docs.qgroundcontrol.com/master/en/qgc-user-guide/getting_started/download_and_install.html#android) on your smartphone. For **iOS**, use [QGroundControl build from TAJISOFT](https://apps.apple.com/ru/app/qgc-from-tajisoft/id1618653051).
-2. Connect your smartphone to the same Wi-Fi network as the machine running the simulator.
-3. If you're using a virtual machine, make sure that its network is set to the **bridged** mode with Wi-Fi adapter selected.
-4. Run the simulation.
-5. Open QGroundControl app. It should connect and begin showing the virtual drone's telemetry automatically.
-6. Go to the settings and enable *Virtual Joystick*. *Auto-Center Throttle* setting **should be disabled**.
-7. Use the virtual joystick to fly the drone!
-
-#### Control with USB remote control
-
-1. Connect your USB remote control to the machine running the simulator.
-2. Run the simulation.
-3. Calibrate the RC using `cr` command in the command line interface.
-4. Run the simulation again.
-5. Use the USB remote control to fly the drone!
-
-## Firmware
+You can build and upload the firmware using either **Arduino IDE** (easier for beginners) or **command line**.
 
 ### Arduino IDE (Windows, Linux, macOS)
 
+<img src="img/arduino-ide.png" width="400" alt="Flix firmware open in Arduino IDE">
+
 1. Install [Arduino IDE](https://www.arduino.cc/en/software) (version 2 is recommended).
-2. Windows users might need to install [USB to UART bridge driver from Silicon Labs](https://www.silabs.com/developers/usb-to-uart-bridge-vcp-drivers).
+2. *Windows users might need to install [USB to UART bridge driver from Silicon Labs](https://www.silabs.com/developers/usb-to-uart-bridge-vcp-drivers).*
 3. Install ESP32 core, version 3.2.0. See the [official Espressif's instructions](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/arduino-esp32/en/latest/installing.html#installing-using-arduino-ide) on installing ESP32 Core in Arduino IDE.
 4. Install the following libraries using [Library Manager](https://docs.arduino.cc/software/ide-v2/tutorials/ide-v2-installing-a-library):
    * `FlixPeriph`, the latest version.
    * `MAVLink`, version 2.0.16.
-5. Clone the project using git or [download the source code as a ZIP archive](https://codeload.github.com/okalachev/flix/zip/refs/heads/master).
-6. Open the downloaded Arduino sketch `flix/flix.ino` in Arduino IDE.
-7. Connect your ESP32 board to the computer and choose correct board type in Arduino IDE (*WEMOS D1 MINI ESP32* for ESP32 Mini) and the port.
-8. [Build and upload](https://docs.arduino.cc/software/ide-v2/tutorials/getting-started/ide-v2-uploading-a-sketch) the firmware using Arduino IDE.
+5. Open the `flix/flix.ino` sketch from downloaded firmware sources in Arduino IDE.
+6. Connect your ESP32 board to the computer and choose correct board type in Arduino IDE (*WEMOS D1 MINI ESP32* for ESP32 Mini) and the port.
+7. [Build and upload](https://docs.arduino.cc/software/ide-v2/tutorials/getting-started/ide-v2-uploading-a-sketch) the firmware using Arduino IDE.
 
 ### Command line (Windows, Linux, macOS)
 
 1. [Install Arduino CLI](https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/installation/).
 
-   On Linux, use:
+   On Linux, install it like this:
 
    ```bash
    curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/arduino-cli/master/install.sh | BINDIR=~/.local/bin sh
@@ -146,19 +57,93 @@ The latest version of Ubuntu supported by Gazebo 11 simulator is 22.04. If you h
    make upload monitor
    ```
 
-See other available Make commands in the [Makefile](../Makefile).
+See other available Make commands in [Makefile](../Makefile).
 
 > [!TIP]
-> You can test the firmware on a bare ESP32 board without connecting IMU and other peripherals. The Wi-Fi network `flix` should appear and all the basic functionality including CLI and QGroundControl connection should work.
+> You can test the firmware on a bare ESP32 board without connecting IMU and other peripherals. The Wi-Fi network `flix` should appear and all the basic functionality including console and QGroundControl connection should work.
 
-### Setup
+## Before first flight
+
+### Choose the IMU model
+
+In case if using different IMU model than MPU9250, change `imu` variable declaration in the `imu.ino`:
+
+```cpp
+ICM20948 imu(SPI);  // For ICM-20948
+MPU6050 imu(Wire);  // For MPU-6050
+```
+
+### Setup the IMU orientation
+
+The IMU orientation is defined in `rotateIMU` function in the `imu.ino` file. Change it so it converts the IMU axes to the drone's axes correctly. **Drone axes are X forward, Y left, Z up**:
+
+<img src="img/drone-axes.svg" width="200">
+
+See various [IMU boards axes orientations table](https://github.com/okalachev/flixperiph/?tab=readme-ov-file#imu-axes-orientation) to help you set up the correct orientation.
+
+### Connect using QGroundControl
+
+QGroundControl is a ground control station software that can be used to monitor and control the drone.
+
+1. Install mobile or desktop version of [QGroundControl](https://docs.qgroundcontrol.com/master/en/qgc-user-guide/getting_started/download_and_install.html).
+2. Power up the drone.
+3. Connect your computer or smartphone to the appeared `flix` Wi-Fi network (password: `flixwifi`).
+4. Launch QGroundControl app. It should connect and begin showing the drone's telemetry automatically
+
+### Access console
+
+The console is a command line interface (CLI) that allows to interact with the drone, change parameters, and perform various actions. There are two ways of accessing the console: using **serial port** or using **QGroundControl (wirelessly)**.
+
+To access the console using serial port:
+
+1. Connect the ESP32 board to the computer using USB cable.
+2. Open Serial Monitor in Arduino IDE (or use `make monitor` in the command line).
+3. In Arduino IDE, make sure the baudrate is set to 115200.
+
+To access the console using QGroundControl:
+
+1. Connect to the drone using QGroundControl app.
+2. Go to the QGroundControl menu ⇒ *Vehicle Setup* ⇒ *Analyze Tools* ⇒ *MAVLink Console*.
+   <img src="img/cli.png" width="400">
+
+> [!TIP]
+> Use `help` command to see the list of available commands.
+
+### Calibrate accelerometer
 
 Before flight you need to calibrate the accelerometer:
 
-1. Open Serial Monitor in Arduino IDE (or use `make monitor` command in the command line).
+1. Access the console using QGroundControl (recommended) or Serial Monitor.
 2. Type `ca` command there and follow the instructions.
 
-#### Control with smartphone
+### Check everything works
+
+1. Check the IMU is working: perform `imu` command and check its output:
+
+   * The `status` field should be `OK`.
+   * The `rate` field should be about 1000 (Hz).
+   * The `accel` and `gyro` fields should change as you move the drone.
+   * The `landed` field should be `1` when the drone is still on the ground and `0` when you lift it up.
+
+2. Check the attitude estimation: connect to the drone using QGroundControl, rotate the drone in different orientations and check if the attitude estimation shown in QGroundControl is correct. Attitude indicator in QGroundControl is shown below:
+
+   <img src="img/qgc-attitude.png" height="200">
+
+3. Perform motor tests in the console. Use the following commands **— remove the propellers before running the tests!**
+
+   * `mfr` — should rotate front right motor (counter-clockwise).
+   * `mfl` — should rotate front left motor (clockwise).
+   * `mrl` — should rotate rear left motor (counter-clockwise).
+   * `mrr` — should rotate rear right motor (clockwise).
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> Never run the motors when powering the drone from USB, always use the battery for that.
+
+## Setup remote control
+
+There are several ways to control the drone's flight: using **smartphone** (Wi-Fi), using **SBUS remote control**, or using **USB remote control** (Wi-Fi).
+
+### Control with smartphone
 
 1. Install [QGroundControl mobile app](https://docs.qgroundcontrol.com/master/en/qgc-user-guide/getting_started/download_and_install.html#android) on your smartphone.
 2. Power the drone using the battery.
@@ -168,17 +153,17 @@ Before flight you need to calibrate the accelerometer:
 6. Use the virtual joystick to fly the drone!
 
 > [!TIP]
-> Decrease `TILT_MAX` parameter when flying using the smartphone to make the controls less sensitive.
+> Decrease `CTL_TILT_MAX` parameter when flying using the smartphone to make the controls less sensitive.
 
-#### Control with remote control
+### Control with remote control
 
-Before flight using remote control, you need to calibrate it:
+Before using remote SBUS-connected remote control, you need to calibrate it:
 
-1. Open Serial Monitor in Arduino IDE (or use `make monitor` command in the command line).
-2. Type `cr` command there and follow the instructions.
+1. Access the console using QGroundControl (recommended) or Serial Monitor.
+2. Type `cr` command and follow the instructions.
 3. Use the remote control to fly the drone!
 
-#### Control with USB remote control (Wi-Fi)
+### Control with USB remote control
 
 If your drone doesn't have RC receiver installed, you can use USB remote control and QGroundControl app to fly it.
 
@@ -190,9 +175,6 @@ If your drone doesn't have RC receiver installed, you can use USB remote control
 6. Go the the QGroundControl menu ⇒ *Vehicle Setup* ⇒ *Joystick*. Calibrate you USB remote control there.
 7. Use the USB remote control to fly the drone!
 
-> [!NOTE]
-> If something goes wrong, go to the [Troubleshooting](troubleshooting.md) article.
-
 ## Flight
 
 For both virtual sticks and a physical joystick, the default control scheme is left stick for throttle and yaw and right stick for pitch and roll:
@@ -211,6 +193,9 @@ When finished flying, **disarm** the drone, moving the left stick to the bottom
 
 <img src="img/disarming.svg" width="150">
 
+> [!NOTE]
+> If something goes wrong, go to the [Troubleshooting](troubleshooting.md) article.
+
 ### Flight modes
 
 Flight mode is changed using mode switch on the remote control or using the command line.
@@ -226,9 +211,9 @@ The default mode is *STAB*. In this mode, the drone stabilizes its attitude (ori
 
 In this mode, the pilot controls the angular rates. This control method is difficult to fly and mostly used in FPV racing.
 
-#### MANUAL
+#### RAW
 
-Manual mode disables all the stabilization, and the pilot inputs are passed directly to the motors. This mode is intended for testing and demonstration purposes only, and basically the drone **cannot fly in this mode**.
+*RAW* mode disables all the stabilization, and the pilot inputs are mixed directly to the motors. The IMU sensor is not involved. This mode is intended for testing and demonstration purposes only, and basically the drone **cannot fly in this mode**.
 
 #### AUTO
 
@@ -238,12 +223,16 @@ If the pilot moves the control sticks, the drone will switch back to *STAB* mode
 
 ## Adjusting parameters
 
-You can adjust some of the drone's parameters (include PID coefficients) in QGroundControl app. In order to do that, go to the QGroundControl menu ⇒ *Vehicle Setup* ⇒ *Parameters*.
+You can adjust some of the drone's parameters (include PID coefficients) in QGroundControl. In order to do that, go to the QGroundControl menu ⇒ *Vehicle Setup* ⇒ *Parameters*.
 
 <img src="img/parameters.png" width="400">
 
-## CLI access
+## Flight log
 
-In addition to accessing the drone's command line interface (CLI) using the serial port, you can also access it with QGroundControl using Wi-Fi connection. To do that, go to the QGroundControl menu ⇒ *Vehicle Setup* ⇒ *Analyze Tools* ⇒ *MAVLink Console*.
+After the flight, you can download the flight log for analysis wirelessly. Use the following for that:
 
-<img src="img/cli.png" width="400">
+```bash
+make log
+```
+
+See more details about log analysis in the [log analysis](log.md) article.

docs/user.md

@@ -4,6 +4,55 @@ This page contains user-built drones based on the Flix project. Publish your pro
 
 ---
 
+Author: [goldarte](https://t.me/goldarte).<br>
+
+<img src="img/user/goldarte/1.jpg" height=150> <img src="img/user/goldarte/2.jpg" height=150>
+
+**Flight video:**
+
+<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nQtFjEcGGLx-l4xkL5ko9ZpOTVU-WDjL/view?usp=sharing"><img height=200 src="img/user/goldarte/video.jpg"></a>
+
+---
+
+## School 548 course
+
+Special quadcopter design and engineering course took place in october-november 2025 in School 548, Moscow. Course included UAV control theory, electronics, and practical drone assembly and setup using the Flix project.
+
+<img height=200 src="img/user/school548/1.jpg"> <img height=200 src="img/user/school548/2.jpg"> <img height=200 src="img/user/school548/3.jpg">
+
+### Selected works
+
+Author: [KiraFlux](https://t.me/@kiraflux_0XC0000005).<br>
+Description: **custom ESPNOW remote control** is implemented, firmware modified to support ESPNOW protocol.<br>
+Telegram posts: https://t.me/opensourcequadcopter/106, https://t.me/opensourcequadcopter/114.<br>
+Modified Flix firmware: https://github.com/KiraFlux/flix/tree/klyax.<br>
+Remote control project: https://github.com/KiraFlux/ESP32-DJC.<br>
+Drone design: https://github.com/KiraFlux/Klyax.<br>
+
+<img src="img/user/school548/kiraflux1.jpg" height=150> <img src="img/user/school548/kiraflux2.jpg" height=150>
+
+**Flight video**:
+
+<img height=200 src="img/user/school548/kiraflux-video.jpg"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1soHDAeHQWnm97Y4dg4nWevJuMiTdJJXW/view?usp=sharing"></a>
+
+Author: [tolyan4krut](https://t.me/tolyan4krut).<br>
+Description: the first drone based on ESP32-S3-CAM board **with a camera**, implementing Wi-Fi video streaming. Runs HTTP server and HTTP video stream.<br>
+Modified Flix firmware: https://github.com/CatRey/Flix-Camera-Streaming.<br>
+Telegram post: https://t.me/opensourcequadcopter/117.
+
+<img src="img/user/school548/tolyan4krut.jpg" height=150>
+
+**Flight video**:
+
+<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KuOBsujLsk7q8FoqKD8u7uoq4ptS5onp/view?usp=sharing"><img height=200 src="img/user/school548/tolyan4krut-video.jpg"></a>
+
+Author: [Vlad Tolshinov](https://t.me/Vlad_Tolshinov).<br>
+Description: custom frame with enlarged arm length, that provides very high level of stability, 65 mm props.
+
+<img src="img/user/school548/vlad_tolshinov1.jpg" height=150> <img src="img/user/school548/vlad_tolshinov2.jpg" height=150>
+
+---
+
 ## RoboCamp
 
 Author: RoboCamp participants.<br>

docs/version0.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Flix version 0 (obsolete):
 |Motor|8520 3.7V brushed motor (**shaft 0.8mm!**)|<img src="img/motor.jpeg" width=100>|4|
 |Propeller|Hubsan 55 mm|<img src="img/prop.jpg" width=100>|4|
 |Motor ESC|2.7A 1S Dual Way Micro Brush ESC|<img src="img/esc.jpg" width=100>|4|
-|RC transmitter|KINGKONG TINY X8|<img src="img/tx.jpg" width=100>|1|
+|RC transmitter|KINGKONG TINY X8|<img src="img/kingkong.jpg" width=100>|1|
 |RC receiver|DF500 (SBUS)|<img src="img/rx.jpg" width=100>|1|
 |~~SBUS inverter~~*||<img src="img/inv.jpg" width=100>|~~1~~|
 |Battery|3.7 Li-Po 850 MaH 60C|||

flix/cli.ino

@@ -8,9 +8,8 @@
 #include "util.h"
 
 extern const int MOTOR_REAR_LEFT, MOTOR_REAR_RIGHT, MOTOR_FRONT_RIGHT, MOTOR_FRONT_LEFT;
-extern const int ACRO, STAB, AUTO;
-extern float loopRate, dt;
-extern double t;
+extern const int RAW, ACRO, STAB, AUTO;
+extern float t, dt, loopRate;
 extern uint16_t channels[16];
 extern float controlRoll, controlPitch, controlThrottle, controlYaw, controlMode;
 extern int mode;
@@ -36,10 +35,11 @@ const char* motd =
 "imu - show IMU data\n"
 "arm - arm the drone\n"
 "disarm - disarm the drone\n"
-"stab/acro/auto - set mode\n"
+"raw/stab/acro/auto - set mode\n"
 "rc - show RC data\n"
+"wifi - show Wi-Fi info\n"
 "mot - show motor output\n"
-"log - dump in-RAM log\n"
+"log [dump] - print log header [and data]\n"
 "cr - calibrate RC\n"
 "ca - calibrate accel\n"
 "mfr, mfl, mrr, mrl - test motor (remove props)\n"
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ void print(const char* format, ...) {
 }
 
 void pause(float duration) {
-	double start = t;
+	float start = t;
 	while (t - start < duration) {
 		step();
 		handleInput();
@@ -75,9 +75,10 @@ void doCommand(String str, bool echo = false) {
 	// parse command
 	String command, arg0, arg1;
 	splitString(str, command, arg0, arg1);
+	if (command.isEmpty()) return;
 
 	// echo command
-	if (echo && !command.isEmpty()) {
+	if (echo) {
 		print("> %s\n", str.c_str());
 	}
 
@@ -116,6 +117,8 @@ void doCommand(String str, bool echo = false) {
 		armed = true;
 	} else if (command == "disarm") {
 		armed = false;
+	} else if (command == "raw") {
+		mode = RAW;
 	} else if (command == "stab") {
 		mode = STAB;
 	} else if (command == "acro") {
@@ -131,11 +134,16 @@ void doCommand(String str, bool echo = false) {
 			controlRoll, controlPitch, controlYaw, controlThrottle, controlMode);
 		print("mode: %s\n", getModeName());
 		print("armed: %d\n", armed);
+	} else if (command == "wifi") {
+#if WIFI_ENABLED
+		printWiFiInfo();
+#endif
 	} else if (command == "mot") {
 		print("front-right %g front-left %g rear-right %g rear-left %g\n",
 			motors[MOTOR_FRONT_RIGHT], motors[MOTOR_FRONT_LEFT], motors[MOTOR_REAR_RIGHT], motors[MOTOR_REAR_LEFT]);
 	} else if (command == "log") {
-		dumpLog();
+		printLogHeader();
+		if (arg0 == "dump") printLogData();
 	} else if (command == "cr") {
 		calibrateRC();
 	} else if (command == "ca") {
@@ -171,8 +179,6 @@ void doCommand(String str, bool echo = false) {
 		attitude = Quaternion();
 	} else if (command == "reboot") {
 		ESP.restart();
-	} else if (command == "") {
-		// do nothing
 	} else {
 		print("Invalid command: %s\n", command.c_str());
 	}

flix/control.ino

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include "lpf.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
-#define ARMED_THRUST 0.1 // thrust to indicate armed state
 #define PITCHRATE_P 0.05
 #define PITCHRATE_I 0.2
 #define PITCHRATE_D 0.001
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@
 #define TILT_MAX radians(30)
 #define RATES_D_LPF_ALPHA 0.2 // cutoff frequency ~ 40 Hz
 
-const int MANUAL = 0, ACRO = 1, STAB = 2, AUTO = 3; // flight modes
+const int RAW = 0, ACRO = 1, STAB = 2, AUTO = 3; // flight modes
 int mode = STAB;
 bool armed = false;
 
@@ -66,7 +65,6 @@ void control() {
 }
 
 void interpretControls() {
-	// NOTE: put ACRO or MANUAL modes there if you want to use them
 	if (controlMode < 0.25) mode = STAB;
 	if (controlMode < 0.75) mode = STAB;
 	if (controlMode > 0.75) mode = STAB;
@@ -76,6 +74,8 @@ void interpretControls() {
 	if (controlThrottle < 0.05 && controlYaw > 0.95) armed = true; // arm gesture
 	if (controlThrottle < 0.05 && controlYaw < -0.95) armed = false; // disarm gesture
 
+	if (abs(controlYaw) < 0.1) controlYaw = 0; // yaw dead zone
+
 	thrustTarget = controlThrottle;
 
 	if (mode == STAB) {
@@ -92,20 +92,15 @@ void interpretControls() {
 		ratesTarget.z = -controlYaw * maxRate.z; // positive yaw stick means clockwise rotation in FLU
 	}
 
-	if (mode == MANUAL) { // passthrough mode
+	if (mode == RAW) { // direct torque control
 		attitudeTarget.invalidate(); // skip attitude control
 		ratesTarget.invalidate(); // skip rate control
-		torqueTarget = Vector(controlRoll, controlPitch, -controlYaw) * 0.01;
+		torqueTarget = Vector(controlRoll, controlPitch, -controlYaw) * 0.1;
 	}
 }
 
 void controlAttitude() {
-	if (!armed || attitudeTarget.invalid()) { // skip attitude control
-		rollPID.reset();
-		pitchPID.reset();
-		yawPID.reset();
-		return;
-	}
+	if (!armed || attitudeTarget.invalid() || thrustTarget < 0.1) return; // skip attitude control
 
 	const Vector up(0, 0, 1);
 	Vector upActual = Quaternion::rotateVector(up, attitude);
@@ -113,28 +108,23 @@ void controlAttitude() {
 
 	Vector error = Vector::rotationVectorBetween(upTarget, upActual);
 
-	ratesTarget.x = rollPID.update(error.x, dt) + ratesExtra.x;
-	ratesTarget.y = pitchPID.update(error.y, dt) + ratesExtra.y;
+	ratesTarget.x = rollPID.update(error.x) + ratesExtra.x;
+	ratesTarget.y = pitchPID.update(error.y) + ratesExtra.y;
 
 	float yawError = wrapAngle(attitudeTarget.getYaw() - attitude.getYaw());
-	ratesTarget.z = yawPID.update(yawError, dt) + ratesExtra.z;
+	ratesTarget.z = yawPID.update(yawError) + ratesExtra.z;
 }
 
 
 void controlRates() {
-	if (!armed || ratesTarget.invalid()) { // skip rates control
-		rollRatePID.reset();
-		pitchRatePID.reset();
-		yawRatePID.reset();
-		return;
-	}
+	if (!armed || ratesTarget.invalid() || thrustTarget < 0.1) return; // skip rates control
 
 	Vector error = ratesTarget - rates;
 
 	// Calculate desired torque, where 0 - no torque, 1 - maximum possible torque
-	torqueTarget.x = rollRatePID.update(error.x, dt);
-	torqueTarget.y = pitchRatePID.update(error.y, dt);
-	torqueTarget.z = yawRatePID.update(error.z, dt);
+	torqueTarget.x = rollRatePID.update(error.x);
+	torqueTarget.y = pitchRatePID.update(error.y);
+	torqueTarget.z = yawRatePID.update(error.z);
 }
 
 void controlTorque() {
@@ -145,12 +135,11 @@ void controlTorque() {
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (thrustTarget < 0.05) {
-		// minimal thrust to indicate armed state
-		motors[0] = ARMED_THRUST;
-		motors[1] = ARMED_THRUST;
-		motors[2] = ARMED_THRUST;
-		motors[3] = ARMED_THRUST;
+	if (thrustTarget < 0.1) {
+		motors[0] = 0.1; // idle thrust
+		motors[1] = 0.1;
+		motors[2] = 0.1;
+		motors[3] = 0.1;
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -167,7 +156,7 @@ void controlTorque() {
 
 const char* getModeName() {
 	switch (mode) {
-		case MANUAL: return "MANUAL";
+		case RAW: return "RAW";
 		case ACRO: return "ACRO";
 		case STAB: return "STAB";
 		case AUTO: return "AUTO";

flix/flix.ino

@@ -7,10 +7,9 @@
 #include "quaternion.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
-#define SERIAL_BAUDRATE 115200
 #define WIFI_ENABLED 1
 
-double t = NAN; // current step time, s
+float t = NAN; // current step time, s
 float dt; // time delta from previous step, s
 float controlRoll, controlPitch, controlYaw, controlThrottle; // pilot's inputs, range [-1, 1]
 float controlMode = NAN;
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ bool landed; // are we landed and stationary
 float motors[4]; // normalized motors thrust in range [0..1]
 
 void setup() {
-	Serial.begin(SERIAL_BAUDRATE);
+	Serial.begin(115200);
 	print("Initializing flix\n");
 	disableBrownOut();
 	setupParameters();

flix/imu.ino

@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@
 
 #include <SPI.h>
 #include <FlixPeriph.h>
+#include "vector.h"
 #include "lpf.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
-MPU9250 IMU(SPI);
+MPU9250 imu(SPI);
 
 Vector accBias;
 Vector accScale(1, 1, 1);
@@ -16,22 +17,22 @@ Vector gyroBias;
 
 void setupIMU() {
 	print("Setup IMU\n");
-	IMU.begin();
+	imu.begin();
 	configureIMU();
 }
 
 void configureIMU() {
-	IMU.setAccelRange(IMU.ACCEL_RANGE_4G);
-	IMU.setGyroRange(IMU.GYRO_RANGE_2000DPS);
-	IMU.setDLPF(IMU.DLPF_MAX);
-	IMU.setRate(IMU.RATE_1KHZ_APPROX);
-	IMU.setupInterrupt();
+	imu.setAccelRange(imu.ACCEL_RANGE_4G);
+	imu.setGyroRange(imu.GYRO_RANGE_2000DPS);
+	imu.setDLPF(imu.DLPF_MAX);
+	imu.setRate(imu.RATE_1KHZ_APPROX);
+	imu.setupInterrupt();
 }
 
 void readIMU() {
-	IMU.waitForData();
-	IMU.getGyro(gyro.x, gyro.y, gyro.z);
-	IMU.getAccel(acc.x, acc.y, acc.z);
+	imu.waitForData();
+	imu.getGyro(gyro.x, gyro.y, gyro.z);
+	imu.getAccel(acc.x, acc.y, acc.z);
 	calibrateGyroOnce();
 	// apply scale and bias
 	acc = (acc - accBias) / accScale;
@@ -49,9 +50,8 @@ void rotateIMU(Vector& data) {
 }
 
 void calibrateGyroOnce() {
-	static float landedTime = 0;
-	landedTime = landed ? landedTime + dt : 0;
-	if (landedTime < 2) return; // calibrate only if definitely stationary
+	static Delay landedDelay(2);
+	if (!landedDelay.update(landed)) return; // calibrate only if definitely stationary
 
 	static LowPassFilter<Vector> gyroCalibrationFilter(0.001);
 	gyroBias = gyroCalibrationFilter.update(gyro);
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ void calibrateGyroOnce() {
 
 void calibrateAccel() {
 	print("Calibrating accelerometer\n");
-	IMU.setAccelRange(IMU.ACCEL_RANGE_2G); // the most sensitive mode
+	imu.setAccelRange(imu.ACCEL_RANGE_2G); // the most sensitive mode
 
 	print("1/6 Place level [8 sec]\n");
 	pause(8);
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ void calibrateAccelOnce() {
 	// Compute the average of the accelerometer readings
 	acc = Vector(0, 0, 0);
 	for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
-		IMU.waitForData();
+		imu.waitForData();
 		Vector sample;
-		IMU.getAccel(sample.x, sample.y, sample.z);
+		imu.getAccel(sample.x, sample.y, sample.z);
 		acc = acc + sample;
 	}
 	acc = acc / samples;
@@ -119,16 +119,16 @@ void printIMUCalibration() {
 }
 
 void printIMUInfo() {
-	IMU.status() ? print("status: ERROR %d\n", IMU.status()) : print("status: OK\n");
-	print("model: %s\n", IMU.getModel());
-	print("who am I: 0x%02X\n", IMU.whoAmI());
+	imu.status() ? print("status: ERROR %d\n", imu.status()) : print("status: OK\n");
+	print("model: %s\n", imu.getModel());
+	print("who am I: 0x%02X\n", imu.whoAmI());
 	print("rate: %.0f\n", loopRate);
 	print("gyro: %f %f %f\n", rates.x, rates.y, rates.z);
 	print("acc: %f %f %f\n", acc.x, acc.y, acc.z);
-	IMU.waitForData();
+	imu.waitForData();
 	Vector rawGyro, rawAcc;
-	IMU.getGyro(rawGyro.x, rawGyro.y, rawGyro.z);
-	IMU.getAccel(rawAcc.x, rawAcc.y, rawAcc.z);
+	imu.getGyro(rawGyro.x, rawGyro.y, rawGyro.z);
+	imu.getAccel(rawAcc.x, rawAcc.y, rawAcc.z);
 	print("raw gyro: %f %f %f\n", rawGyro.x, rawGyro.y, rawGyro.z);
 	print("raw acc: %f %f %f\n", rawAcc.x, rawAcc.y, rawAcc.z);
 }

flix/log.ino

@@ -4,13 +4,12 @@
 // In-RAM logging
 
 #include "vector.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 #define LOG_RATE 100
 #define LOG_DURATION 10
-#define LOG_PERIOD 1.0 / LOG_RATE
 #define LOG_SIZE LOG_DURATION * LOG_RATE
 
-float tFloat;
 Vector attitudeEuler;
 Vector attitudeTargetEuler;
 
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ struct LogEntry {
 };
 
 LogEntry logEntries[] = {
-	{"t", &tFloat},
+	{"t", &t},
 	{"rates.x", &rates.x},
 	{"rates.y", &rates.y},
 	{"rates.z", &rates.z},
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ const int logColumns = sizeof(logEntries) / sizeof(logEntries[0]);
 float logBuffer[LOG_SIZE][logColumns];
 
 void prepareLogData() {
-	tFloat = t;
 	attitudeEuler = attitude.toEuler();
 	attitudeTargetEuler = attitudeTarget.toEuler();
 }
@@ -48,9 +46,8 @@ void prepareLogData() {
 void logData() {
 	if (!armed) return;
 	static int logPointer = 0;
-	static double logTime = 0;
-	if (t - logTime < LOG_PERIOD) return;
-	logTime = t;
+	static Rate period(LOG_RATE);
+	if (!period) return;
 
 	prepareLogData();
 
@@ -64,12 +61,13 @@ void logData() {
 	}
 }
 
-void dumpLog() {
-	// Print header
+void printLogHeader() {
 	for (int i = 0; i < logColumns; i++) {
 		print("%s%s", logEntries[i].name, i < logColumns - 1 ? "," : "\n");
 	}
-	// Print data
+}
+
+void printLogData() {
 	for (int i = 0; i < LOG_SIZE; i++) {
 		if (logBuffer[i][0] == 0) continue; // skip empty records
 		for (int j = 0; j < logColumns; j++) {

flix/mavlink.ino

@@ -6,15 +6,16 @@
 #if WIFI_ENABLED
 
 #include <MAVLink.h>
+#include "util.h"
 
 #define SYSTEM_ID 1
-#define PERIOD_SLOW 1.0
-#define PERIOD_FAST 0.1
-#define MAVLINK_CONTROL_YAW_DEAD_ZONE 0.1f
+#define MAVLINK_RATE_SLOW 1
+#define MAVLINK_RATE_FAST 10
 
+bool mavlinkConnected = false;
 String mavlinkPrintBuffer;
 
-extern double controlTime;
+extern float controlTime;
 extern float controlRoll, controlPitch, controlThrottle, controlYaw, controlMode;
 
 void processMavlink() {
@@ -25,15 +26,12 @@ void processMavlink() {
 void sendMavlink() {
 	sendMavlinkPrint();
 
-	static double lastSlow = 0;
-	static double lastFast = 0;
-
 	mavlink_message_t msg;
 	uint32_t time = t * 1000;
 
-	if (t - lastSlow >= PERIOD_SLOW) {
-		lastSlow = t;
+	static Rate slow(MAVLINK_RATE_SLOW), fast(MAVLINK_RATE_FAST);
 
+	if (slow) {
 		mavlink_msg_heartbeat_pack(SYSTEM_ID, MAV_COMP_ID_AUTOPILOT1, &msg, MAV_TYPE_QUADROTOR, MAV_AUTOPILOT_GENERIC,
 			(armed ? MAV_MODE_FLAG_SAFETY_ARMED : 0) |
 			((mode == STAB) ? MAV_MODE_FLAG_STABILIZE_ENABLED : 0) |
@@ -41,14 +39,14 @@ void sendMavlink() {
 			mode, MAV_STATE_STANDBY);
 		sendMessage(&msg);
 
+		if (!mavlinkConnected) return; // send only heartbeat until connected
+
 		mavlink_msg_extended_sys_state_pack(SYSTEM_ID, MAV_COMP_ID_AUTOPILOT1, &msg,
 			MAV_VTOL_STATE_UNDEFINED, landed ? MAV_LANDED_STATE_ON_GROUND : MAV_LANDED_STATE_IN_AIR);
 		sendMessage(&msg);
 	}
 
-	if (t - lastFast >= PERIOD_FAST) {
-		lastFast = t;
-
+	if (fast && mavlinkConnected) {
 		const float zeroQuat[] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
 		mavlink_msg_attitude_quaternion_pack(SYSTEM_ID, MAV_COMP_ID_AUTOPILOT1, &msg,
 			time, attitude.w, attitude.x, -attitude.y, -attitude.z, rates.x, -rates.y, -rates.z, zeroQuat); // convert to frd
@@ -80,6 +78,7 @@ void sendMessage(const void *msg) {
 void receiveMavlink() {
 	uint8_t buf[MAVLINK_MAX_PACKET_LEN];
 	int len = receiveWiFi(buf, MAVLINK_MAX_PACKET_LEN);
+	if (len) mavlinkConnected = true;
 
 	// New packet, parse it
 	mavlink_message_t msg;
@@ -105,8 +104,6 @@ void handleMavlink(const void *_msg) {
 		controlYaw = m.r / 1000.0f;
 		controlMode = NAN;
 		controlTime = t;
-
-		if (abs(controlYaw) < MAVLINK_CONTROL_YAW_DEAD_ZONE) controlYaw = 0;
 	}
 
 	if (msg.msgid == MAVLINK_MSG_ID_PARAM_REQUEST_LIST) {
@@ -210,6 +207,20 @@ void handleMavlink(const void *_msg) {
 		armed = motors[0] > 0 || motors[1] > 0 || motors[2] > 0 || motors[3] > 0;
 	}
 
+	if (msg.msgid == MAVLINK_MSG_ID_LOG_REQUEST_DATA) {
+		mavlink_log_request_data_t m;
+		mavlink_msg_log_request_data_decode(&msg, &m);
+		if (m.target_system && m.target_system != SYSTEM_ID) return;
+
+		// Send all log records
+		for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(logBuffer) / sizeof(logBuffer[0]); i++) {
+			mavlink_message_t msg;
+			mavlink_msg_log_data_pack(SYSTEM_ID, MAV_COMP_ID_AUTOPILOT1, &msg, 0, i,
+				sizeof(logBuffer[0]), (uint8_t *)logBuffer[i]);
+			sendMessage(&msg);
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Handle commands
 	if (msg.msgid == MAVLINK_MSG_ID_COMMAND_LONG) {
 		mavlink_command_long_t m;

flix/motors.ino

@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ void setupMotors() {
 
 int getDutyCycle(float value) {
 	value = constrain(value, 0, 1);
-	float pwm = mapff(value, 0, 1, PWM_MIN, PWM_MAX);
+	float pwm = mapf(value, 0, 1, PWM_MIN, PWM_MAX);
 	if (value == 0) pwm = PWM_STOP;
-	float duty = mapff(pwm, 0, 1000000 / PWM_FREQUENCY, 0, (1 << PWM_RESOLUTION) - 1);
+	float duty = mapf(pwm, 0, 1000000 / PWM_FREQUENCY, 0, (1 << PWM_RESOLUTION) - 1);
 	return round(duty);
 }
 

flix/parameters.ino

@@ -4,51 +4,51 @@
 // Parameters storage in flash memory
 
 #include <Preferences.h>
+#include "util.h"
 
 extern float channelZero[16];
 extern float channelMax[16];
 extern float rollChannel, pitchChannel, throttleChannel, yawChannel, armedChannel, modeChannel;
-extern float mavlinkControlScale;
 
 Preferences storage;
 
 struct Parameter {
-	const char *name; // max length is 16
+	const char *name; // max length is 15 (Preferences key limit)
 	float *variable;
 	float value; // cache
 };
 
 Parameter parameters[] = {
 	// control
-	{"ROLLRATE_P", &rollRatePID.p},
-	{"ROLLRATE_I", &rollRatePID.i},
-	{"ROLLRATE_D", &rollRatePID.d},
-	{"ROLLRATE_I_LIM", &rollRatePID.windup},
-	{"PITCHRATE_P", &pitchRatePID.p},
-	{"PITCHRATE_I", &pitchRatePID.i},
-	{"PITCHRATE_D", &pitchRatePID.d},
-	{"PITCHRATE_I_LIM", &pitchRatePID.windup},
-	{"YAWRATE_P", &yawRatePID.p},
-	{"YAWRATE_I", &yawRatePID.i},
-	{"YAWRATE_D", &yawRatePID.d},
-	{"ROLL_P", &rollPID.p},
-	{"ROLL_I", &rollPID.i},
-	{"ROLL_D", &rollPID.d},
-	{"PITCH_P", &pitchPID.p},
-	{"PITCH_I", &pitchPID.i},
-	{"PITCH_D", &pitchPID.d},
-	{"YAW_P", &yawPID.p},
-	{"PITCHRATE_MAX", &maxRate.y},
-	{"ROLLRATE_MAX", &maxRate.x},
-	{"YAWRATE_MAX", &maxRate.z},
-	{"TILT_MAX", &tiltMax},
+	{"CTL_R_RATE_P", &rollRatePID.p},
+	{"CTL_R_RATE_I", &rollRatePID.i},
+	{"CTL_R_RATE_D", &rollRatePID.d},
+	{"CTL_R_RATE_WU", &rollRatePID.windup},
+	{"CTL_P_RATE_P", &pitchRatePID.p},
+	{"CTL_P_RATE_I", &pitchRatePID.i},
+	{"CTL_P_RATE_D", &pitchRatePID.d},
+	{"CTL_P_RATE_WU", &pitchRatePID.windup},
+	{"CTL_Y_RATE_P", &yawRatePID.p},
+	{"CTL_Y_RATE_I", &yawRatePID.i},
+	{"CTL_Y_RATE_D", &yawRatePID.d},
+	{"CTL_R_P", &rollPID.p},
+	{"CTL_R_I", &rollPID.i},
+	{"CTL_R_D", &rollPID.d},
+	{"CTL_P_P", &pitchPID.p},
+	{"CTL_P_I", &pitchPID.i},
+	{"CTL_P_D", &pitchPID.d},
+	{"CTL_Y_P", &yawPID.p},
+	{"CTL_P_RATE_MAX", &maxRate.y},
+	{"CTL_R_RATE_MAX", &maxRate.x},
+	{"CTL_Y_RATE_MAX", &maxRate.z},
+	{"CTL_TILT_MAX", &tiltMax},
 	// imu
-	{"ACC_BIAS_X", &accBias.x},
-	{"ACC_BIAS_Y", &accBias.y},
-	{"ACC_BIAS_Z", &accBias.z},
-	{"ACC_SCALE_X", &accScale.x},
-	{"ACC_SCALE_Y", &accScale.y},
-	{"ACC_SCALE_Z", &accScale.z},
+	{"IMU_ACC_BIAS_X", &accBias.x},
+	{"IMU_ACC_BIAS_Y", &accBias.y},
+	{"IMU_ACC_BIAS_Z", &accBias.z},
+	{"IMU_ACC_SCALE_X", &accScale.x},
+	{"IMU_ACC_SCALE_Y", &accScale.y},
+	{"IMU_ACC_SCALE_Z", &accScale.z},
 	// rc
 	{"RC_ZERO_0", &channelZero[0]},
 	{"RC_ZERO_1", &channelZero[1]},
@@ -119,10 +119,9 @@ bool setParameter(const char *name, const float value) {
 }
 
 void syncParameters() {
-	static double lastSync = 0;
-	if (t - lastSync < 1) return; // sync once per second
+	static Rate rate(1);
+	if (!rate) return; // sync once per second
 	if (motorsActive()) return; // don't use flash while flying, it may cause a delay
-	lastSync = t;
 
 	for (auto &parameter : parameters) {
 		if (parameter.value == *parameter.variable) continue;

flix/pid.h

@@ -9,40 +9,44 @@
 
 class PID {
 public:
-	float p = 0;
-	float i = 0;
-	float d = 0;
-	float windup = 0;
+	float p, i, d;
+	float windup;
+	float dtMax;
 
 	float derivative = 0;
 	float integral = 0;
 
 	LowPassFilter<float> lpf; // low pass filter for derivative term
 
-	PID(float p, float i, float d, float windup = 0, float dAlpha = 1) : p(p), i(i), d(d), windup(windup), lpf(dAlpha) {};
+	PID(float p, float i, float d, float windup = 0, float dAlpha = 1, float dtMax = 0.1) :
+		p(p), i(i), d(d), windup(windup), lpf(dAlpha), dtMax(dtMax) {}
 
-	float update(float error, float dt) {
-		integral += error * dt;
+	float update(float error) {
+		float dt = t - prevTime;
 
-		if (isfinite(prevError) && dt > 0) {
-			// calculate derivative if both dt and prevError are valid
-			derivative = (error - prevError) / dt;
-
-			// apply low pass filter to derivative
-			derivative = lpf.update(derivative);
+		if (dt > 0 && dt < dtMax) {
+			integral += error * dt;
+			derivative = lpf.update((error - prevError) / dt); // compute derivative and apply low-pass filter
+		} else {
+			integral = 0;
+			derivative = 0;
 		}
 
 		prevError = error;
+		prevTime = t;
 
 		return p * error + constrain(i * integral, -windup, windup) + d * derivative; // PID
 	}
 
 	void reset() {
 		prevError = NAN;
+		prevTime = NAN;
 		integral = 0;
 		derivative = 0;
+		lpf.reset();
 	}
 
 private:
 	float prevError = NAN;
+	float prevTime = NAN;
 };

flix/quaternion.h

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public:
 			cx * cy * sz - sx * sy * cz);
 	}
 
-	static Quaternion fromBetweenVectors(Vector u, Vector v) {
+	static Quaternion fromBetweenVectors(const Vector& u, const Vector& v) {
 		float dot = u.x * v.x + u.y * v.y + u.z * v.z;
 		float w1 = u.y * v.z - u.z * v.y;
 		float w2 = u.z * v.x - u.x * v.z;

flix/rc.ino

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
 #include <SBUS.h>
 #include "util.h"
 
-SBUS RC(Serial2); // NOTE: Use RC(Serial2, 16, 17) if you use the old UART2 pins
+SBUS rc(Serial2); // NOTE: Use RC(Serial2, 16, 17) if you use the old UART2 pins
 
 uint16_t channels[16]; // raw rc channels
-double controlTime; // time of the last controls update
+float controlTime; // time of the last controls update
 float channelZero[16]; // calibration zero values
 float channelMax[16]; // calibration max values
 
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ float rollChannel = NAN, pitchChannel = NAN, throttleChannel = NAN, yawChannel =
 
 void setupRC() {
 	print("Setup RC\n");
-	RC.begin();
+	rc.begin();
 }
 
 bool readRC() {
-	if (RC.read()) {
-		SBUSData data = RC.data();
+	if (rc.read()) {
+		SBUSData data = rc.data();
 		for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) channels[i] = data.ch[i]; // copy channels data
 		normalizeRC();
 		controlTime = t;

flix/safety.ino

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 
 // Fail-safe functions
 
-#define RC_LOSS_TIMEOUT 0.5
-#define DESCEND_TIME 3.0 // time to descend from full throttle to zero
+#define RC_LOSS_TIMEOUT 1
+#define DESCEND_TIME 10
 
-extern double controlTime;
+extern float controlTime;
 extern float controlRoll, controlPitch, controlThrottle, controlYaw;
 
 void failsafe() {
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ void failsafe() {
 
 // RC loss failsafe
 void rcLossFailsafe() {
-	if (mode == AUTO) return;
+	if (controlTime == 0) return; // no RC at all
 	if (!armed) return;
 	if (t - controlTime > RC_LOSS_TIMEOUT) {
 		descend();
@@ -25,14 +25,12 @@ void rcLossFailsafe() {
 
 // Smooth descend on RC lost
 void descend() {
-	mode = STAB;
-	controlRoll = 0;
-	controlPitch = 0;
-	controlYaw = 0;
-	controlThrottle -= dt / DESCEND_TIME;
-	if (controlThrottle < 0) {
+	mode = AUTO;
+	attitudeTarget = Quaternion();
+	thrustTarget -= dt / DESCEND_TIME;
+	if (thrustTarget < 0) {
+		thrustTarget = 0;
 		armed = false;
-		controlThrottle = 0;
 	}
 }
 

flix/time.ino

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 float loopRate; // Hz
 
 void step() {
-	double now = micros() / 1000000.0;
+	float now = micros() / 1000000.0;
 	dt = now - t;
 	t = now;
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ void step() {
 }
 
 void computeLoopRate() {
-	static double windowStart = 0;
+	static float windowStart = 0;
 	static uint32_t rate = 0;
 	rate++;
 	if (t - windowStart >= 1) { // 1 second window

flix/util.h

@@ -10,12 +10,9 @@
 #include <soc/rtc_cntl_reg.h>
 
 const float ONE_G = 9.80665;
+extern float t;
 
-float mapf(long x, long in_min, long in_max, float out_min, float out_max) {
-	return (float)(x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (float)(in_max - in_min) + out_min;
-}
-
-float mapff(float x, float in_min, float in_max, float out_min, float out_max) {
+float mapf(float x, float in_min, float in_max, float out_min, float out_max) {
 	return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
 }
 
@@ -52,3 +49,37 @@ void splitString(String& str, String& token0, String& token1, String& token2) {
 	token1 = strtok(NULL, " "); // String(NULL) creates empty string
 	token2 = strtok(NULL, "");
 }
+
+// Rate limiter
+class Rate {
+public:
+	float rate;
+	float last = 0;
+	Rate(float rate) : rate(rate) {}
+
+	operator bool() {
+		if (t - last >= 1 / rate) {
+			last = t;
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+};
+
+// Delay filter for boolean signals - ensures the signal is on for at least 'delay' seconds
+class Delay {
+public:
+	float delay;
+	float start = NAN;
+	Delay(float delay) : delay(delay) {}
+
+	bool update(bool on) {
+		if (!on) {
+			start = NAN;
+			return false;
+		} else if (isnan(start)) {
+			start = t;
+		}
+		return t - start >= delay;
+	}
+};

flix/wifi.ino

@@ -35,4 +35,15 @@ int receiveWiFi(uint8_t *buf, int len) {
 	return udp.read(buf, len);
 }
 
+void printWiFiInfo() {
+	print("MAC: %s\n", WiFi.softAPmacAddress().c_str());
+	print("SSID: %s\n", WiFi.softAPSSID().c_str());
+	print("Password: %s\n", WIFI_PASSWORD);
+	print("Clients: %d\n", WiFi.softAPgetStationNum());
+	print("Status: %d\n", WiFi.status());
+	print("IP: %s\n", WiFi.softAPIP().toString().c_str());
+	print("Remote IP: %s\n", udp.remoteIP().toString().c_str());
+	print("MAVLink connected: %d\n", mavlinkConnected);
+}
+
 #endif

gazebo/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR)
 project(flix_gazebo)
 
-# === gazebo plugin
+# Gazebo plugin
 find_package(gazebo REQUIRED)
 find_package(SDL2 REQUIRED)
 include_directories(${GAZEBO_INCLUDE_DIRS})

gazebo/README.md

@@ -1,15 +1,99 @@
-# Gazebo Simulation
+# Simulation
 
-<img src="../docs/img/simulator.png" width=500 alt="Flix simulator">
+The Flix drone simulator is based on Gazebo 11 and runs the firmware code in virtual physical environment.
 
-## Building and running
+Gazebo 11 works on **Ubuntu 20.04** and used to work on macOS. However, on the recent macOS versions it seems to be broken, so Ubuntu 20.04 is recommended.
 
-See [building and running instructions](../docs/usage.md#simulation).
+<img src="../docs/img/simulator1.png" width=600 alt="Flix simulator running on macOS">
+
+## Installation
+
+1. Clone the Flix repository using it:
+
+   ```bash
+   git clone https://github.com/okalachev/flix.git && cd flix
+   ```
+
+2. Install Arduino CLI:
+
+   ```bash
+   curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/arduino-cli/master/install.sh | BINDIR=~/.local/bin sh
+   ```
+
+3. Install Gazebo 11:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.osrfoundation.org/gazebo/ubuntu-stable `lsb_release -cs` main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/gazebo-stable.list'
+   wget https://packages.osrfoundation.org/gazebo.key -O - | sudo apt-key add -
+   sudo apt-get update
+   sudo apt-get install -y gazebo11 libgazebo11-dev
+   ```
+
+   Set up your Gazebo environment variables:
+
+   ```bash
+   echo "source /usr/share/gazebo/setup.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
+   source ~/.bashrc
+   ```
+
+4. Install SDL2 and other dependencies:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install build-essential libsdl2-dev
+   ```
+
+5. Add your user to the `input` group to enable joystick support (you need to re-login after this command):
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo usermod -a -G input $USER
+   ```
+
+6. Run the simulation:
+
+   ```bash
+   make simulator
+   ```
+
+## Usage
+
+Just like the real drone, the simulator can be controlled using a USB remote control or a smartphone.
+
+### Control with smartphone
+
+1. Install [QGroundControl mobile app](https://docs.qgroundcontrol.com/master/en/qgc-user-guide/getting_started/download_and_install.html#android) on your smartphone. For **iOS**, use [QGroundControl build from TAJISOFT](https://apps.apple.com/ru/app/qgc-from-tajisoft/id1618653051).
+2. Connect your smartphone to the same Wi-Fi network as the machine running the simulator.
+3. If you're using a virtual machine, make sure that its network is set to the **bridged** mode with Wi-Fi adapter selected.
+4. Run the simulation.
+5. Open QGroundControl app. It should connect and begin showing the virtual drone's telemetry automatically.
+6. Go to the settings and enable *Virtual Joystick*. *Auto-Center Throttle* setting **should be disabled**.
+7. Use the virtual joystick to fly the drone!
+
+> [!TIP]
+> Decrease `CTL_TILT_MAX` parameter when flying using the smartphone to make the controls less sensitive.
+
+### Control with USB remote control
+
+1. Connect your USB remote control to the machine running the simulator.
+2. Run the simulation.
+3. Calibrate the RC using `cr` command in the command line interface.
+4. Use the USB remote control to fly the drone!
+
+### Piloting
+
+To start the flight, arm the drone moving the throttle stick to the bottom right position:
+
+<img src="../docs/img/arming.svg" width="150">
+
+To disarm, move the throttle stick to the bottom left position:
+
+<img src="../docs/img/disarming.svg" width="150">
+
+See other piloting and usage details in general [usage article](../docs/usage.md).
 
 ## Code structure
 
-Flix simulator is based on [Gazebo Classic](https://classic.gazebosim.org) and consists of the following components:
+Flix simulator consists of the following components:
 
-* Physical model of the drone: [`models/flix/flix.sdf`](models/flix/flix.sdf).
+* Physical model of the drone in Gazebo format: [`models/flix/flix.sdf`](models/flix/flix.sdf).
 * Plugin for Gazebo: [`simulator.cpp`](simulator.cpp). The plugin is attached to the physical model. It receives stick positions from the controller, gets the data from the virtual sensors, and then passes this data to the Arduino code.
-* Arduino imitation: [`Arduino.h`](Arduino.h). This file contains partial implementation of the Arduino API, that is working within Gazebo plugin environment.
+* Arduino emulation: [`Arduino.h`](Arduino.h). This file contains partial implementation of the Arduino API, that is working within Gazebo plugin environment.

gazebo/flix.h

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define WIFI_ENABLED 1
 
-double t = NAN;
+float t = NAN;
 float dt;
 float motors[4];
 float controlRoll, controlPitch, controlYaw, controlThrottle = NAN;
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ void normalizeRC();
 void calibrateRC();
 void calibrateRCChannel(float *channel, uint16_t zero[16], uint16_t max[16], const char *str);
 void printRCCalibration();
-void dumpLog();
+void printLogHeader();
+void printLogData();
 void processMavlink();
 void sendMavlink();
 void sendMessage(const void *msg);
@@ -72,4 +73,5 @@ void calibrateGyro() { print("Skip gyro calibrating\n"); };
 void calibrateAccel() { print("Skip accel calibrating\n"); };
 void printIMUCalibration() { print("cal: N/A\n"); };
 void printIMUInfo() {};
+void printWiFiInfo() {};
 Vector accBias, gyroBias, accScale(1, 1, 1);

gazebo/simulator.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include "cli.ino"
 #include "control.ino"
 #include "estimate.ino"
-#include "failsafe.ino"
+#include "safety.ino"
 #include "log.ino"
 #include "lpf.h"
 #include "mavlink.ino"
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ public:
 
 	void OnReset() {
 		attitude = Quaternion(); // reset estimated attitude
+		armed = false;
 		__resetTime += __micros;
 		gzmsg << "Flix plugin reset" << endl;
 	}

tools/check_c_cpp_properties.py

@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ for configuration in props['configurations']:
     print('Check configuration', configuration['name'])
 
     for include_path in configuration.get('includePath', []):
+        if include_path.startswith('/opt/') or include_path.startswith('/usr/'): # don't check non-Arduino libs
+            continue
         check_path(include_path)
 
     for forced_include in configuration.get('forcedInclude', []):

tools/log.py

@@ -3,21 +3,49 @@
 # Download flight log remotely and save to file
 
 import os
+import time
 import datetime
+import struct
+from pymavlink.dialects.v20.common import MAVLink_log_data_message
 from pyflix import Flix
 
 DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
-
 flix = Flix()
 
 print('Downloading log...')
-lines = flix.cli('log').splitlines()
 
-# sort by timestamp
-header = lines.pop(0)
-lines.sort(key=lambda line: float(line.split(',')[0]))
+header = flix.cli('log')
+print('Received header:\n- ' + '\n- '.join(header.split(',')))
+
+records = []
+
+def on_record(msg: MAVLink_log_data_message):
+    global stop
+    stop = time.time() + 1  # extend timeout
+    records.append([])
+    i = 0
+    data = bytes(msg.data)
+    while i + 4 <= msg.count:
+        records[-1].append(struct.unpack('<f', data[i:i+4])[0])
+        i += 4
+
+stop = time.time() + 3
+flix.on('mavlink.LOG_DATA', on_record)
+flix.mavlink.log_request_data_send(flix.system_id, 0, 0, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF)
+
+while time.time() < stop:
+    time.sleep(1)
+
+flix.off(on_record)
+
+records.sort(key=lambda record: record[0])
+records = [record for record in records if record[0] != 0]
+
+print(f'Received records: {len(records)}')
 
 log = open(f'{DIR}/log/{datetime.datetime.now().isoformat()}.csv', 'wb')
-content = header.encode() + b'\n' + b'\n'.join(line.encode() for line in lines)
-log.write(content)
+log.write(header.encode() + b'\n')
+for record in records:
+    line = ','.join(f'{value}' for value in record)
+    log.write(line.encode() + b'\n')
 print(f'Written {os.path.relpath(log.name, os.curdir)}')

tools/pyflix/README.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Flix Python library
 
-The Flix Python library allows you to remotely connect to a Flix quadcopter. It provides access to telemetry data, supports executing CLI commands, and controlling the drone's flight.
+The Flix Python library allows you to remotely connect to a Flix quadcopter. It provides access to telemetry data, supports executing console commands, and controlling the drone's flight.
 
-To use the library, connect to the drone's Wi-Fi. To use it with the simulator, ensure the script runs on the same local network as the simulator.
+To use the library, connect to the drone's Wi-Fi. To use it with the simulator, ensure the script runs on the same network as the simulator.
 
 ## Installation
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ flix = Flix()  # create a Flix object and wait for connection
 
 ### Telemetry
 
-Basic telemetry is available through object properties. The properties names generally match the corresponding variables in the firmware itself:
+Basic telemetry is available through object properties. The property names generally match the corresponding variables in the firmware itself:
 
 ```python
 print(flix.connected)       # True if connected to the drone
@@ -41,13 +41,16 @@ print(flix.attitude)        # attitude quaternion [w, x, y, z]
 print(flix.attitude_euler)  # attitude as Euler angles [roll, pitch, yaw]
 print(flix.rates)           # angular rates [roll_rate, pitch_rate, yaw_rate]
 print(flix.channels)        # raw RC channels (list)
-print(flix.motors)          # motors outputs (list)
+print(flix.motors)          # motor outputs (list)
 print(flix.acc)             # accelerometer output (list)
 print(flix.gyro)            # gyroscope output (list)
 ```
 
-> [!NOTE]
-> The library uses the Front-Left-Up coordinate system — the same as in the firmware. All angles are in radians.
+The library uses the Front-Left-Up coordinate system — the same as the firmware:
+
+<img src="../../docs/img/drone-axes-rotate.svg" width="300">
+
+All angles are in radians.
 
 ### Events
 
@@ -97,17 +100,17 @@ Full list of events:
 |`attitude_euler`|Attitude update|Euler angles (*list*)|
 |`rates`|Angular rates update|Angular rates (*list*)|
 |`channels`|Raw RC channels update|Raw RC channels (*list*)|
-|`motors`|Motors outputs update|Motors outputs (*list*)|
+|`motors`|Motor outputs update|Motor outputs (*list*)|
 |`acc`|Accelerometer update|Accelerometer output (*list*)|
 |`gyro`|Gyroscope update|Gyroscope output (*list*)|
 |`mavlink`|Received MAVLink message|Message object|
 |`mavlink.<message_name>`|Received specific MAVLink message|Message object|
 |`mavlink.<message_id>`|Received specific MAVLink message|Message object|
 |`value`|Named value update (see below)|Name, value|
-|`value.<name>`|Specific named value update (see bellow)|Value|
+|`value.<name>`|Specific named value update (see below)|Value|
 
 > [!NOTE]
-> Update events trigger on every new data from the drone, and do not mean the value is changed.
+> Update events trigger on every new piece of data from the drone, and do not mean the value has changed.
 
 ### Common methods
 
@@ -118,7 +121,7 @@ pitch_p = flix.get_param('PITCH_P')  # get parameter value
 flix.set_param('PITCH_P', 5)         # set parameter value
 ```
 
-Execute CLI commands using `cli` method. This method returns command response:
+Execute console commands using `cli` method. This method returns the command response:
 
 ```python
 imu = flix.cli('imu')    # get detailed IMU data
@@ -136,7 +139,7 @@ flix.set_armed(True)   # arm the drone
 flix.set_armed(False)  # disarm the drone
 ```
 
-You can imitate pilot's controls using `set_controls` method:
+You can pass pilot's controls using `set_controls` method:
 
 ```python
 flix.set_controls(roll=0, pitch=0, yaw=0, throttle=0.6)
@@ -166,10 +169,10 @@ Setting angular rates target:
 flix.set_rates([0.1, 0.2, 0.3], 0.6)  # set target roll rate, pitch rate, yaw rate and thrust
 ```
 
-You also can control raw motors outputs directly:
+You also can control raw motor outputs directly:
 
 ```python
-flix.set_motors([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5])  # set motors outputs in range [0, 1]
+flix.set_motors([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5])  # set motor outputs in range [0, 1]
 ```
 
 In *AUTO* mode, the drone will arm automatically if the thrust is greater than zero, and disarm if thrust is zero. Therefore, to disarm the drone, set thrust to zero:
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ The following methods are in development and are not functional yet:
 * `set_position` — set target position.
 * `set_velocity` — set target velocity.
 
-To exit from *AUTO* mode move control sticks and the drone will switch to *STAB* mode.
+To exit *AUTO* mode move control sticks and the drone will switch to *STAB* mode.
 
 ## Usage alongside QGroundControl
 

tools/pyflix/flix.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from pymavlink.dialects.v20 import common as mavlink
 logger = logging.getLogger('flix')
 if not logger.hasHandlers():
     handler = logging.StreamHandler()
-    handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'))
+    handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(name)s: %(message)s'))
     logger.addHandler(handler)
     logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class Flix:
 
     _connection_timeout = 3
     _print_buffer: str = ''
-    _modes = ['MANUAL', 'ACRO', 'STAB', 'AUTO']
+    _modes = ['RAW', 'ACRO', 'STAB', 'AUTO']
 
     def __init__(self, system_id: int=1, wait_connection: bool=True):
         if not (0 <= system_id < 256):

tools/pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "pyflix"
-version = "0.9"
+version = "0.11"
 description = "Python API for Flix drone"
 authors = [{ name="Oleg Kalachev", email="okalachev@gmail.com" }]
 license = "MIT"