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886e592a20 |
@ -4,8 +4,12 @@ root = true
|
||||
end_of_line = lf
|
||||
insert_final_newline = true
|
||||
|
||||
[*.{ino,cpp,c,h,hpp,sdf,world}]
|
||||
[*.{ino,cpp,c,h,hpp,sdf,world,json}]
|
||||
charset = utf-8
|
||||
indent_style = tab
|
||||
tab_width = 4
|
||||
trim_trailing_whitespace = true
|
||||
|
||||
[{*.yml,*.yaml,CMakeLists.txt}]
|
||||
indent_style = space
|
||||
indent_size = 2
|
||||
|
2
.gitattributes
vendored
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
|
||||
# https://github.com/github-linguist/linguist/blob/master/docs/overrides.md
|
||||
*.h linguist-language=C++
|
64
.github/workflows/build.yml
vendored
@ -5,60 +5,88 @@ on:
|
||||
branches: [ '*' ]
|
||||
pull_request:
|
||||
branches: [ master ]
|
||||
workflow_dispatch:
|
||||
|
||||
jobs:
|
||||
build:
|
||||
build_linux:
|
||||
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
|
||||
steps:
|
||||
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
|
||||
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
|
||||
- name: Install Arduino CLI
|
||||
uses: arduino/setup-arduino-cli@v1.1.1
|
||||
run: curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/arduino-cli/master/install.sh | BINDIR=/usr/local/bin sh
|
||||
- name: Build firmware
|
||||
env:
|
||||
ARDUINO_SKETCH_ALWAYS_EXPORT_BINARIES: 1
|
||||
run: make
|
||||
- name: Upload binaries
|
||||
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
|
||||
with:
|
||||
name: firmware-binary
|
||||
path: flix/build
|
||||
- name: Build firmware without Wi-Fi
|
||||
run: sed -i 's/^#define WIFI_ENABLED 1$/#define WIFI_ENABLED 0/' flix/flix.ino && make
|
||||
- name: Check c_cpp_properties.json
|
||||
run: tools/check_c_cpp_properties.py
|
||||
|
||||
build_macos:
|
||||
runs-on: macos-latest
|
||||
steps:
|
||||
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
|
||||
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
|
||||
- name: Install Arduino CLI
|
||||
run: brew install arduino-cli
|
||||
- name: Build firmware
|
||||
run: make
|
||||
- name: Check c_cpp_properties.json
|
||||
run: tools/check_c_cpp_properties.py
|
||||
|
||||
build_windows:
|
||||
runs-on: windows-latest
|
||||
steps:
|
||||
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
|
||||
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
|
||||
- name: Install Arduino CLI
|
||||
run: choco install arduino-cli
|
||||
- name: Install Make
|
||||
run: choco install make
|
||||
- name: Build firmware
|
||||
run: make
|
||||
- name: Check c_cpp_properties.json
|
||||
run: python3 tools/check_c_cpp_properties.py
|
||||
|
||||
build_simulator:
|
||||
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
|
||||
runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
|
||||
steps:
|
||||
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
|
||||
- name: Install Arduino CLI
|
||||
uses: arduino/setup-arduino-cli@v1.1.1
|
||||
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
|
||||
- name: Install Gazebo
|
||||
run: curl -sSL http://get.gazebosim.org | sh
|
||||
- name: Install SDL2
|
||||
run: sudo apt-get install libsdl2-dev
|
||||
- name: Build simulator
|
||||
run: make build_simulator
|
||||
- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
|
||||
- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
|
||||
with:
|
||||
name: gazebo-plugin-binary
|
||||
path: gazebo/build/*.so
|
||||
retention-days: 1
|
||||
|
||||
# build_simulator_macos:
|
||||
# runs-on: macos-latest
|
||||
# steps:
|
||||
# - uses: actions/checkout@v3
|
||||
# - name: Install Gazebo
|
||||
# run: brew tap osrf/simulation && brew install gazebo11
|
||||
# - name: Install SDL2
|
||||
# run: brew install sdl2
|
||||
# - name: Build simulator
|
||||
# run: make build_simulator
|
||||
build_simulator_macos:
|
||||
runs-on: macos-latest
|
||||
if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
|
||||
steps:
|
||||
- name: Install Arduino CLI
|
||||
run: brew install arduino-cli
|
||||
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
|
||||
- name: Clean up python binaries # Workaround for https://github.com/actions/setup-python/issues/577
|
||||
run: |
|
||||
rm -f /usr/local/bin/2to3*
|
||||
rm -f /usr/local/bin/idle3*
|
||||
rm -f /usr/local/bin/pydoc3*
|
||||
rm -f /usr/local/bin/python3*
|
||||
rm -f /usr/local/bin/python3*-config
|
||||
- name: Install Gazebo
|
||||
run: brew update && brew tap osrf/simulation && brew install gazebo11
|
||||
- name: Install SDL2
|
||||
run: brew install sdl2
|
||||
- name: Build simulator
|
||||
run: make build_simulator
|
||||
|
51
.github/workflows/docs.yml
vendored
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
|
||||
name: Docs
|
||||
|
||||
on:
|
||||
push:
|
||||
branches: [ '*' ]
|
||||
pull_request:
|
||||
branches: [ master ]
|
||||
|
||||
permissions:
|
||||
contents: read
|
||||
pages: write
|
||||
id-token: write
|
||||
|
||||
jobs:
|
||||
markdownlint:
|
||||
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
|
||||
steps:
|
||||
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
|
||||
- name: Install markdownlint
|
||||
run: npm install -g markdownlint-cli2
|
||||
- name: Run markdownlint
|
||||
run: markdownlint-cli2 "**/*.md"
|
||||
|
||||
build_book:
|
||||
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
|
||||
needs: markdownlint
|
||||
steps:
|
||||
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
|
||||
- name: Install mdBook
|
||||
run: cargo install mdbook --vers 0.4.43 --locked
|
||||
- name: Build book
|
||||
run: cd docs && mdbook build
|
||||
- name: Upload artifact
|
||||
uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3
|
||||
with:
|
||||
path: docs/build
|
||||
|
||||
deploy:
|
||||
if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
|
||||
concurrency:
|
||||
group: "pages"
|
||||
cancel-in-progress: true
|
||||
environment:
|
||||
name: github-pages
|
||||
url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
|
||||
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
|
||||
needs: build_book
|
||||
steps:
|
||||
- name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
|
||||
id: deployment
|
||||
uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4
|
48
.github/workflows/tools.yml
vendored
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
|
||||
name: Build tools
|
||||
|
||||
on:
|
||||
push:
|
||||
branches: [ '*' ]
|
||||
pull_request:
|
||||
branches: [ master ]
|
||||
|
||||
jobs:
|
||||
csv_to_ulog:
|
||||
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
|
||||
steps:
|
||||
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
|
||||
- name: Build csv_to_ulog
|
||||
run: cd tools/csv_to_ulog && mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make
|
||||
- name: Test csv_to_ulog
|
||||
run: |
|
||||
cd tools/csv_to_ulog/build
|
||||
echo -e "t,x,y,z\n0,1,2,3\n1,4,5,6" > log.csv
|
||||
./csv_to_ulog log.csv
|
||||
test $(stat -c %s log.ulg) -eq 196
|
||||
pyflix:
|
||||
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
|
||||
steps:
|
||||
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
|
||||
- name: Install Python build tools
|
||||
run: pip install build
|
||||
- name: Build pyflix
|
||||
run: python3 -m build tools
|
||||
- name: Upload artifacts
|
||||
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
|
||||
with:
|
||||
name: pyflix
|
||||
path: |
|
||||
tools/dist/pyflix-*.tar.gz
|
||||
tools/dist/pyflix-*.whl
|
||||
python_tools:
|
||||
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
|
||||
steps:
|
||||
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
|
||||
- name: Install Python dependencies
|
||||
run: pip install -r tools/requirements.txt
|
||||
- name: Test csv_to_mcap tool
|
||||
run: |
|
||||
cd tools
|
||||
echo -e "t,x,y,z\n0,1,2,3\n1,4,5,6" > log.csv
|
||||
./csv_to_mcap.py log.csv
|
||||
test $(stat -c %s log.mcap) -eq 883
|
11
.gitignore
vendored
@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
|
||||
*.hex
|
||||
*.elf
|
||||
gazebo/build/
|
||||
build/
|
||||
tools/log/
|
||||
tools/dist/
|
||||
*.egg-info/
|
||||
.dependencies
|
||||
.vscode/*
|
||||
!.vscode/settings.json
|
||||
!.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json
|
||||
!.vscode/tasks.json
|
||||
!.vscode/launch.json
|
||||
!.vscode/extensions.json
|
||||
!.vscode/intellisense.h
|
||||
|
68
.markdownlint.json
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"MD004": {
|
||||
"style": "asterisk"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"MD010": false,
|
||||
"MD013": false,
|
||||
"MD024": false,
|
||||
"MD033": false,
|
||||
"MD034": false,
|
||||
"MD044": {
|
||||
"html_elements": false,
|
||||
"code_blocks": false,
|
||||
"names": [
|
||||
"FlixPeriph",
|
||||
"Wi-Fi",
|
||||
"STM",
|
||||
"Li-ion",
|
||||
"GitHub",
|
||||
"github.com",
|
||||
"PPM",
|
||||
"PWM",
|
||||
"Futaba",
|
||||
"S.Bus",
|
||||
"C++",
|
||||
"PID",
|
||||
"Arduino IDE",
|
||||
"Arduino",
|
||||
"Arduino Nano",
|
||||
"ESP32",
|
||||
"IMU",
|
||||
"MEMS",
|
||||
"imu.ino",
|
||||
"InvenSense",
|
||||
"MPU-6050",
|
||||
"MPU-9250",
|
||||
"GY-91",
|
||||
"GY-521",
|
||||
"ICM-20948",
|
||||
"Linux",
|
||||
"Windows",
|
||||
"macOS",
|
||||
"iOS",
|
||||
"Android",
|
||||
"Bluetooth",
|
||||
"GPS",
|
||||
"GPIO",
|
||||
"USB",
|
||||
"SPI",
|
||||
"I²C",
|
||||
"UART",
|
||||
"GND",
|
||||
"3V3",
|
||||
"VCC",
|
||||
"SCL",
|
||||
"SDA",
|
||||
"SAO",
|
||||
"AD0",
|
||||
"MOSI",
|
||||
"MISO",
|
||||
"NCS",
|
||||
"MOSFET",
|
||||
"ArduPilot",
|
||||
"Betaflight",
|
||||
"PX4"
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
"MD045": false
|
||||
}
|
147
.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json
vendored
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"configurations": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"name": "Linux",
|
||||
"includePath": [
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/gazebo",
|
||||
"~/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/cores/esp32",
|
||||
"~/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/libraries/**",
|
||||
"~/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/variants/d1_mini32",
|
||||
"~/.arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.4-2f7dcd86-v1/esp32/**",
|
||||
"~/.arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.4-2f7dcd86-v1/esp32/dio_qspi/include",
|
||||
"~/Arduino/libraries/**",
|
||||
"/usr/include/**"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"forcedInclude": [
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/intellisense.h",
|
||||
"~/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/cores/esp32/Arduino.h",
|
||||
"~/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/variants/d1_mini32/pins_arduino.h",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/cli.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/control.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/estimate.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/flix.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/imu.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/led.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/log.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/mavlink.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/motors.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/rc.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/time.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/wifi.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/parameters.ino"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"compilerPath": "~/.arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2411/bin/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++",
|
||||
"cStandard": "c11",
|
||||
"cppStandard": "c++17",
|
||||
"defines": [
|
||||
"F_CPU=240000000L",
|
||||
"ARDUINO=10607",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_D1_MINI32",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_BOARD=D1_MINI32",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_VARIANT=d1_mini32",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_PARTITION_default",
|
||||
"ESP32",
|
||||
"CORE_DEBUG_LEVEL=0",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT="
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"name": "Mac",
|
||||
"includePath": [
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix",
|
||||
// "${workspaceFolder}/gazebo",
|
||||
"~/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/cores/esp32",
|
||||
"~/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/libraries/**",
|
||||
"~/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/variants/d1_mini32",
|
||||
"~/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.4-2f7dcd86-v1/esp32/include/**",
|
||||
"~/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.4-2f7dcd86-v1/esp32/dio_qspi/include",
|
||||
"~/Documents/Arduino/libraries/**",
|
||||
"/opt/homebrew/include/**"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"forcedInclude": [
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/intellisense.h",
|
||||
"~/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/cores/esp32/Arduino.h",
|
||||
"~/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/variants/d1_mini32/pins_arduino.h",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/flix.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/cli.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/control.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/estimate.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/imu.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/led.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/log.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/mavlink.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/motors.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/rc.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/time.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/wifi.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/parameters.ino"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"compilerPath": "~/Library/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2411/bin/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++",
|
||||
"cStandard": "c11",
|
||||
"cppStandard": "c++17",
|
||||
"defines": [
|
||||
"F_CPU=240000000L",
|
||||
"ARDUINO=10607",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_D1_MINI32",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_BOARD=D1_MINI32",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_VARIANT=d1_mini32",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_PARTITION_default",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_FQBN=esp32:esp32:d1_mini32",
|
||||
"ESP32",
|
||||
"CORE_DEBUG_LEVEL=0",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT="
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"name": "Win32",
|
||||
"includePath": [
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/gazebo",
|
||||
"~/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/cores/esp32",
|
||||
"~/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/libraries/**",
|
||||
"~/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/variants/d1_mini32",
|
||||
"~/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.4-2f7dcd86-v1/esp32/**",
|
||||
"~/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp32-arduino-libs/idf-release_v5.4-2f7dcd86-v1/esp32/dio_qspi/include",
|
||||
"~/Documents/Arduino/libraries/**"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"forcedInclude": [
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/intellisense.h",
|
||||
"~/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/cores/esp32/Arduino.h",
|
||||
"~/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/3.2.0/variants/d1_mini32/pins_arduino.h",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/cli.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/control.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/estimate.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/flix.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/imu.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/led.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/log.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/mavlink.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/motors.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/rc.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/time.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/wifi.ino",
|
||||
"${workspaceFolder}/flix/parameters.ino"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"compilerPath": "~/AppData/Local/Arduino15/packages/esp32/tools/esp-x32/2411/bin/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++.exe",
|
||||
"cStandard": "c11",
|
||||
"cppStandard": "c++17",
|
||||
"defines": [
|
||||
"F_CPU=240000000L",
|
||||
"ARDUINO=10607",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_D1_MINI32",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_BOARD=D1_MINI32",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_VARIANT=d1_mini32",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_PARTITION_default",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_FQBN=esp32:esp32:d1_mini32",
|
||||
"ESP32",
|
||||
"CORE_DEBUG_LEVEL=0",
|
||||
"ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT="
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"version": 4
|
||||
}
|
9
.vscode/extensions.json
vendored
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
// See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=827846 to learn about workspace recommendations.
|
||||
"recommendations": [
|
||||
"ms-vscode.cpptools",
|
||||
"ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
|
||||
"ms-python.python"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"unwantedRecommendations": []
|
||||
}
|
5
.vscode/intellisense.h
vendored
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
|
||||
#ifdef __INTELLISENSE__
|
||||
#pragma diag_suppress 144, 513
|
||||
// diag 144: a value of type "enum <unnamed>" cannot be used to initialize an entity of type "enum <unnamed>"C/C++
|
||||
// diag 513: a value of type "enum <unnamed>" cannot be assigned to an entity of type "enum <unnamed>"C/C++
|
||||
#endif
|
25
.vscode/launch.json
vendored
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"version": "0.2.0",
|
||||
"configurations": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"name": "Debug simulation",
|
||||
"type": "cppdbg",
|
||||
"request": "launch",
|
||||
"program": "/usr/bin/gzserver",
|
||||
"osx": {
|
||||
"program": "/opt/homebrew/bin/gzserver",
|
||||
"MIMode": "lldb",
|
||||
},
|
||||
"args": ["--verbose", "${workspaceFolder}/gazebo/flix.world"],
|
||||
"stopAtEntry": false,
|
||||
"cwd": "${fileDirname}",
|
||||
"environment": [
|
||||
{"name": "GAZEBO_MODEL_PATH", "value": "${workspaceFolder}/gazebo/models"},
|
||||
{"name": "GAZEBO_PLUGIN_PATH", "value": "${workspaceFolder}/gazebo/build"}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"MIMode": "gdb",
|
||||
"preLaunchTask": "Build simulator",
|
||||
"externalConsole": true,
|
||||
},
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
13
.vscode/settings.json
vendored
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"C_Cpp.intelliSenseEngineFallback": "enabled",
|
||||
"files.associations": {
|
||||
"*.sdf": "xml",
|
||||
"*.ino": "cpp",
|
||||
"*.h": "cpp"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"C_Cpp.vcFormat.newLine.beforeOpenBrace.function": "newLine",
|
||||
"C_Cpp.vcFormat.newLine.beforeOpenBrace.block": "sameLine",
|
||||
"C_Cpp.vcFormat.newLine.beforeOpenBrace.lambda": "sameLine",
|
||||
"C_Cpp.vcFormat.newLine.beforeOpenBrace.namespace": "sameLine",
|
||||
"C_Cpp.vcFormat.newLine.beforeOpenBrace.type": "sameLine"
|
||||
}
|
31
.vscode/tasks.json
vendored
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"tasks": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"label": "Build firmware",
|
||||
"type": "shell",
|
||||
"command": "make",
|
||||
"problemMatcher": [ "$gcc" ],
|
||||
"presentation": { "clear": true, "showReuseMessage": false },
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"label": "Upload firmware",
|
||||
"type": "shell",
|
||||
"command": "make upload",
|
||||
"problemMatcher": [ "$gcc" ],
|
||||
"presentation": { "clear": true, "showReuseMessage": false }
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"label": "Build simulator",
|
||||
"type": "shell",
|
||||
"command": "make build_simulator",
|
||||
"problemMatcher": [ "$gcc" ],
|
||||
"presentation": { "clear": true, "showReuseMessage": false }
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"label": "Clean",
|
||||
"type": "shell",
|
||||
"command": "make clean",
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"version": "2.0.0"
|
||||
}
|
14
Makefile
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
BOARD = esp32:esp32:d1_mini32
|
||||
PORT := $(wildcard /dev/serial/by-id/usb-Silicon_Labs_CP2104_USB_to_UART_Bridge_Controller_* /dev/serial/by-id/usb-1a86_USB_Single_Serial_* /dev/cu.usbserial-*)
|
||||
PORT := $(wildcard /dev/serial/by-id/usb-Silicon_Labs_CP21* /dev/serial/by-id/usb-1a86_USB_Single_Serial_* /dev/cu.usbserial-*)
|
||||
PORT := $(strip $(PORT))
|
||||
|
||||
build: .dependencies
|
||||
@ -13,16 +13,17 @@ monitor:
|
||||
|
||||
dependencies .dependencies:
|
||||
arduino-cli core update-index --config-file arduino-cli.yaml
|
||||
arduino-cli core install esp32:esp32@2.0.11 --config-file arduino-cli.yaml
|
||||
arduino-cli lib install "Bolder Flight Systems SBUS"@1.0.1
|
||||
arduino-cli lib install --git-url https://github.com/okalachev/MPU9250.git --config-file arduino-cli.yaml
|
||||
arduino-cli core install esp32:esp32@3.2.0 --config-file arduino-cli.yaml
|
||||
arduino-cli lib update-index
|
||||
arduino-cli lib install "FlixPeriph"
|
||||
arduino-cli lib install "MAVLink"@2.0.16
|
||||
touch .dependencies
|
||||
|
||||
gazebo/build cmake: gazebo/CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
mkdir -p gazebo/build
|
||||
cd gazebo/build && cmake ..
|
||||
|
||||
build_simulator: gazebo/build
|
||||
build_simulator: .dependencies gazebo/build
|
||||
make -C gazebo/build
|
||||
|
||||
simulator: build_simulator
|
||||
@ -36,9 +37,6 @@ log:
|
||||
plot:
|
||||
plotjuggler -d $(shell ls -t tools/log/*.csv | head -n1)
|
||||
|
||||
docs:
|
||||
for FILE in docs/*.d2; do d2 $$FILE; done
|
||||
|
||||
clean:
|
||||
rm -rf gazebo/build flix/build flix/cache .dependencies
|
||||
|
||||
|
191
README.md
@ -1,58 +1,175 @@
|
||||
# flix
|
||||
# Flix
|
||||
|
||||
**flix** (*flight + X*) — making an open source ESP32-based quadcopter from scratch.
|
||||
**Flix** (*flight + X*) — making an open source ESP32-based quadcopter from scratch.
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="docs/img/flix.jpg" width=500>
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td align=center><strong>Version 1.1</strong> (3D-printed frame)</td>
|
||||
<td align=center><strong>Version 0</strong></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><img src="docs/img/flix1.1.jpg" width=500 alt="Flix quadcopter"></td>
|
||||
<td><img src="docs/img/flix.jpg" width=500 alt="Flix quadcopter"></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
## Features
|
||||
|
||||
* Simple and clear Arduino based source code.
|
||||
* Acro and Stabilized flight using remote control.
|
||||
* Precise simulation using Gazebo.
|
||||
* In-RAM logging.
|
||||
* Command line interface through USB port.
|
||||
* Wi-Fi support.
|
||||
* ESCs with reverse mode support.
|
||||
* *Textbook and videos for students on writing a flight controller\*.*
|
||||
* *MAVLink support\*.*
|
||||
* *Completely 3D-printed frame*.*
|
||||
* *Position control and autonomous flights using external camera\**.
|
||||
* [Building and running instructions](docs/build.md).
|
||||
* Dedicated for education and research.
|
||||
* Made from general-purpose components.
|
||||
* Simple and clean source code in Arduino.
|
||||
* Control using remote control or smartphone.
|
||||
* Precise simulation with Gazebo.
|
||||
* Wi-Fi and MAVLink support.
|
||||
* Wireless command line interface and analyzing.
|
||||
* Python library.
|
||||
* Textbook on flight control theory and practice ([in development](https://quadcopter.dev)).
|
||||
* *Position control (using external camera) and autonomous flights¹*.
|
||||
|
||||
*\* — planned.*
|
||||
*¹ — planned.*
|
||||
|
||||
## It actually flies
|
||||
|
||||
See detailed demo video: https://youtu.be/hT46CZ1CgC4.
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="https://youtu.be/hT46CZ1CgC4"><img width=500 src="https://i3.ytimg.com/vi/hT46CZ1CgC4/maxresdefault.jpg"></a>
|
||||
|
||||
Version 0 demo video: https://youtu.be/8GzzIQ3C6DQ.
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="https://youtu.be/8GzzIQ3C6DQ"><img width=500 src="https://i3.ytimg.com/vi/8GzzIQ3C6DQ/maxresdefault.jpg"></a>
|
||||
|
||||
See YouTube demo video: https://youtu.be/8GzzIQ3C6DQ.
|
||||
See the [user builds gallery](docs/user.md).
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="docs/user.md"><img src="docs/img/user/user.jpg" width=500></a>
|
||||
|
||||
## Simulation
|
||||
|
||||
Simulation in Gazebo using a plugin that runs original Arduino code is implemented:
|
||||
The simulator is implemented using Gazebo and runs the original Arduino code:
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="docs/img/simulator.png" width=500>
|
||||
<img src="docs/img/simulator1.png" width=500 alt="Flix simulator">
|
||||
|
||||
## Articles
|
||||
|
||||
* [Assembly instructions](docs/assembly.md).
|
||||
* [Building and running the code](docs/build.md).
|
||||
* [Troubleshooting](docs/troubleshooting.md).
|
||||
* [Firmware architecture overview](docs/firmware.md).
|
||||
* [Python library tutorial](tools/pyflix/README.md).
|
||||
* [Log analysis](docs/log.md).
|
||||
* [User builds gallery](docs/user.md).
|
||||
|
||||
## Components
|
||||
|
||||
|Type|Part|Image|Quantity|
|
||||
|-|-|:-:|:-:|
|
||||
|Microcontroller board|ESP32 Mini|<img src="docs/img/esp32.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
|IMU (and barometer²) board|GY‑91, MPU-9265 (or other MPU‑9250/MPU‑6500 board)<br>ICM‑20948³<br>GY-521 (MPU-6050)³⁻¹|<img src="docs/img/gy-91.jpg" width=90 align=center><br><img src="docs/img/icm-20948.jpg" width=100><br><img src="docs/img/gy-521.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
|<span style="background:yellow">(Recommended) Buck-boost converter</span>|To be determined, output 5V or 3.3V, see [user-contributed schematics](https://miro.com/app/board/uXjVN-dTjoo=/?moveToWidget=3458764612179508274&cot=14)|<img src="docs/img/buck-boost.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
|Motor|8520 3.7V brushed motor (shaft 0.8mm).<br>Motor with exact 3.7V voltage is needed, not ranged working voltage (3.7V — 6V).|<img src="docs/img/motor.jpeg" width=100>|4|
|
||||
|Propeller|Hubsan 55 mm|<img src="docs/img/prop.jpg" width=100>|4|
|
||||
|MOSFET (transistor)|100N03A or [analog](https://t.me/opensourcequadcopter/33)|<img src="docs/img/100n03a.jpg" width=100>|4|
|
||||
|Pull-down resistor|10 kΩ|<img src="docs/img/resistor10k.jpg" width=100>|4|
|
||||
|3.7V Li-Po battery|LW 952540 (or any compatible by the size)|<img src="docs/img/battery.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
|Battery connector cable|MX2.0 2P female|<img src="docs/img/mx.png" width=100>|1|
|
||||
|Li-Po Battery charger|Any|<img src="docs/img/charger.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
|Screws for IMU board mounting|M3x5|<img src="docs/img/screw-m3.jpg" width=100>|2|
|
||||
|Screws for frame assembly|M1.4x5|<img src="docs/img/screw-m1.4.jpg" height=30 align=center>|4|
|
||||
|Frame main part|3D printed⁴:<br>[`flix-frame-1.1.stl`](docs/assets/flix-frame-1.1.stl) [`flix-frame-1.1.step`](docs/assets/flix-frame-1.1.step)<br>Recommended settings: layer 0.2 mm, line 0.4 mm, infill 100%.|<img src="docs/img/frame1.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
|Frame top part|3D printed:<br>[`esp32-holder.stl`](docs/assets/esp32-holder.stl) [`esp32-holder.step`](docs/assets/esp32-holder.step)|<img src="docs/img/esp32-holder.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
|Washer for IMU board mounting|3D printed:<br>[`washer-m3.stl`](docs/assets/washer-m3.stl) [`washer-m3.step`](docs/assets/washer-m3.step)|<img src="docs/img/washer-m3.jpg" width=100>|2|
|
||||
|*RC transmitter (optional)*|*KINGKONG TINY X8 (warning: lacks USB support) or other⁵*|<img src="docs/img/tx.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
|*RC receiver (optional)*|*DF500 or other⁵*|<img src="docs/img/rx.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
|Wires|28 AWG recommended|<img src="docs/img/wire-28awg.jpg" width=100>||
|
||||
|Tape, double-sided tape||||
|
||||
|
||||
*² — barometer is not used for now.*<br>
|
||||
*³ — change `MPU9250` to `ICM20948` in `imu.ino` file if using ICM-20948 board.*<br>
|
||||
*³⁻¹ — MPU-6050 supports I²C interface only (not recommended). To use it change IMU declaration to `MPU6050 IMU(Wire)`.*<br>
|
||||
*⁴ — this frame is optimized for GY-91 board, if using other, the board mount holes positions should be modified.*<br>
|
||||
*⁵ — you may use any transmitter-receiver pair with SBUS interface.*
|
||||
|
||||
Tools required for assembly:
|
||||
|
||||
* 3D printer.
|
||||
* Soldering iron.
|
||||
* Solder wire (with flux).
|
||||
* Screwdrivers.
|
||||
* Multimeter.
|
||||
|
||||
Feel free to modify the design and or code, and create your own improved versions of Flix! Send your results to the [official Telegram chat](https://t.me/opensourcequadcopterchat), or directly to the author ([E-mail](mailto:okalachev@gmail.com), [Telegram](https://t.me/okalachev)).
|
||||
|
||||
## Schematics
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="docs/img/schematics.svg" width=800>
|
||||
### Simplified connection diagram
|
||||
|
||||
## Version 0
|
||||
<img src="docs/img/schematics1.svg" width=800 alt="Flix version 1 schematics">
|
||||
|
||||
### Components
|
||||
Motor connection scheme:
|
||||
|
||||
|Component|Type|Image|Quantity|
|
||||
|-|-|-|-|
|
||||
|ESP32 Mini|Microcontroller board|<img src="docs/img/esp32.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
|GY-91|IMU+LDO+barometer board|<img src="docs/img/gy-91.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
|K100|Quadcopter frame|<img src="docs/img/frame.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
|8520 3.7V brushed motor|Motor|<img src="docs/img/motor.jpeg" width=100>|4|
|
||||
|Hubsan 55 mm| Propeller|<img src="docs/img/prop.jpg" width=100>|4|
|
||||
|2.7A 1S Dual Way Micro Brush ESC|Motor ESC|<img src="docs/img/esc.jpg" width=100>|4|
|
||||
|KINGKONG TINY X8|RC transmitter|<img src="docs/img/tx.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
|DF500 (SBUS)|RC receiver|<img src="docs/img/rx.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
||SBUS inverter|<img src="docs/img/inv.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
|3.7 Li-Po 850 MaH 60C|Battery|||
|
||||
||Battery charger|<img src="docs/img/charger.jpg" width=100>|1|
|
||||
||Wires, connectors, tape, ...||
|
||||
||3D-printed frame parts||
|
||||
<img src="docs/img/mosfet-connection.png" height=400 alt="MOSFET connection scheme">
|
||||
|
||||
You can see a user-contributed [variant of complete circuit diagram](https://miro.com/app/board/uXjVN-dTjoo=/?moveToWidget=3458764612338222067&cot=14) of the drone.
|
||||
|
||||
See [assembly guide](docs/assembly.md) for instructions on assembling the drone.
|
||||
|
||||
### Notes
|
||||
|
||||
* Power ESP32 Mini with Li-Po battery using VCC (+) and GND (-) pins.
|
||||
* Connect the IMU board to the ESP32 Mini using VSPI, power it using 3.3V and GND pins:
|
||||
|
||||
|IMU pin|ESP32 pin|
|
||||
|-|-|
|
||||
|GND|GND|
|
||||
|3.3V|3.3V|
|
||||
|SCL *(SCK)*|SVP (GPIO18)|
|
||||
|SDA *(MOSI)*|GPIO23|
|
||||
|SAO *(MISO)*|GPIO19|
|
||||
|NCS|GPIO5|
|
||||
|
||||
* Solder pull-down resistors to the MOSFETs.
|
||||
* Connect the motors to the ESP32 Mini using MOSFETs, by following scheme:
|
||||
|
||||
|Motor|Position|Direction|Wires|GPIO|
|
||||
|-|-|-|-|-|
|
||||
|Motor 0|Rear left|Counter-clockwise|Black & White|GPIO12 (*TDI*)|
|
||||
|Motor 1|Rear right|Clockwise|Blue & Red|GPIO13 (*TCK*)|
|
||||
|Motor 2|Front right|Counter-clockwise|Black & White|GPIO14 (*TMS*)|
|
||||
|Motor 3|Front left|Clockwise|Blue & Red|GPIO15 (*TD0*)|
|
||||
|
||||
Counter-clockwise motors have black and white wires and clockwise motors have blue and red wires.
|
||||
|
||||
* Optionally connect the RC receiver to the ESP32's UART2:
|
||||
|
||||
|Receiver pin|ESP32 pin|
|
||||
|-|-|
|
||||
|GND|GND|
|
||||
|VIN|VCC (or 3.3V depending on the receiver)|
|
||||
|Signal (TX)|GPIO4⁶|
|
||||
|
||||
*⁶ — UART2 RX pin was [changed](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/arduino-esp32/en/latest/migration_guides/2.x_to_3.0.html#id14) to GPIO4 in Arduino ESP32 core 3.0.*
|
||||
|
||||
### IMU placement
|
||||
|
||||
Default IMU orientation in the code is **LFD** (Left-Forward-Down):
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="docs/img/gy91-lfd.svg" width=400 alt="GY-91 axes">
|
||||
|
||||
In case of using other IMU orientation, modify the `rotateIMU` function in the `imu.ino` file.
|
||||
|
||||
See [FlixPeriph documentation](https://github.com/okalachev/flixperiph?tab=readme-ov-file#imu-axes-orientation) to learn axis orientation of other IMU boards.
|
||||
|
||||
## Materials
|
||||
|
||||
Subscribe to the Telegram channel on developing the drone and the flight controller (in Russian): https://t.me/opensourcequadcopter.
|
||||
|
||||
Join the official Telegram chat: https://t.me/opensourcequadcopterchat.
|
||||
|
||||
Detailed article on Habr.com about the development of the drone (in Russian): https://habr.com/ru/articles/814127/.
|
||||
|
||||
See the information on the obsolete version 0 in the [corresponding article](docs/version0.md).
|
||||
|
||||
## Disclaimer
|
||||
|
||||
This is a fun DIY project, and I hope you find it interesting and useful. However, it's not easy to assemble and set up, and it's provided "as is" without any warranties. There’s no guarantee that it will work perfectly — or even work at all.
|
||||
|
||||
⚠️ The author is not responsible for any damage, injury, or loss resulting from the use of this project. Use at your own risk!
|
||||
|
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
board_manager:
|
||||
additional_urls:
|
||||
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/gh-pages/package_esp32_index.json
|
||||
library:
|
||||
enable_unsafe_install: true
|
||||
network:
|
||||
connection_timeout: 1h
|
||||
|
10
docs/Makefile
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
||||
build:
|
||||
mdbook build
|
||||
|
||||
serve:
|
||||
mdbook serve
|
||||
|
||||
clean:
|
||||
mdbook clean
|
||||
|
||||
.PHONY: build serve clean
|
31
docs/alerts.py
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
|
||||
# https://rust-lang.github.io/mdBook/format/configuration/preprocessors.html
|
||||
# https://rust-lang.github.io/mdBook/for_developers/preprocessors.html
|
||||
|
||||
import json
|
||||
import sys
|
||||
import re
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def transform_markdown_to_html(markdown_text):
|
||||
def replace_blockquote(match):
|
||||
tag = match.group(1).lower()
|
||||
content = match.group(2).strip().replace('\n> ', ' ')
|
||||
return f'<div class="alert alert-{tag}">{content}</div>\n'
|
||||
|
||||
pattern = re.compile(r'> \[!(NOTE|TIP|IMPORTANT|WARNING|CAUTION)\]\n>(.*?)\n?(?=(\n[^>]|\Z))', re.DOTALL)
|
||||
transformed_text = pattern.sub(replace_blockquote, markdown_text)
|
||||
return transformed_text
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
||||
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
|
||||
if sys.argv[1] == 'supports':
|
||||
sys.exit(0)
|
||||
|
||||
context, book = json.load(sys.stdin)
|
||||
|
||||
for section in book['sections']:
|
||||
if 'Chapter' in section:
|
||||
section['Chapter']['content'] = transform_markdown_to_html(section['Chapter']['content'])
|
||||
|
||||
print(json.dumps(book))
|
29
docs/assembly.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
|
||||
# Brief assembly guide
|
||||
|
||||
Soldered components ([schematics variant](https://miro.com/app/board/uXjVN-dTjoo=/?moveToWidget=3458764612338222067&cot=14)):
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/assembly/1.jpg" width=600>
|
||||
|
||||
<br>Use double-sided tape to attach ESP32 to the top frame part (ESP32 holder):
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/assembly/2.jpg" width=600>
|
||||
|
||||
<br>Use two washers to screw the IMU board to the frame:
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/assembly/3.jpg" width=600>
|
||||
|
||||
<br>Screw the IMU with M3x5 screws as shown:
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/assembly/4.jpg" width=600>
|
||||
|
||||
<br>Install the motors, attach MOSFETs to the frame using tape:
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/assembly/5.jpg" width=600>
|
||||
|
||||
<br>Screw the ESP32 holder with M1.4x5 screws to the frame:
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/assembly/6.jpg" width=600>
|
||||
|
||||
<br>Assembled drone:
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/assembly/7.jpg" width=600>
|
1150
docs/assets/esp32-holder.step
Normal file
BIN
docs/assets/esp32-holder.stl
Normal file
4646
docs/assets/flix-frame-1.1.step
Normal file
BIN
docs/assets/flix-frame-1.1.stl
Normal file
5113
docs/assets/flix-frame.step
Normal file
BIN
docs/assets/flix-frame.stl
Normal file
200
docs/assets/washer-m3.step
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
|
||||
ISO-10303-21;
|
||||
HEADER;
|
||||
|
||||
FILE_DESCRIPTION(
|
||||
/* description */ (''),
|
||||
/* implementation_level */ '2;1');
|
||||
|
||||
FILE_NAME(
|
||||
/* name */ 'washer-m3.step',
|
||||
/* time_stamp */ '2024-10-29T13:59:42+03:00',
|
||||
/* author */ (''),
|
||||
/* organization */ (''),
|
||||
/* preprocessor_version */ '',
|
||||
/* originating_system */ '',
|
||||
|
||||
/* authorisation */ '');
|
||||
|
||||
FILE_SCHEMA (('AUTOMOTIVE_DESIGN { 1 0 10303 214 3 1 1 }'));
|
||||
ENDSEC;
|
||||
|
||||
DATA;
|
||||
#10=MECHANICAL_DESIGN_GEOMETRIC_PRESENTATION_REPRESENTATION('',(#13),#125);
|
||||
#11=SHAPE_REPRESENTATION_RELATIONSHIP('SRR','None',#132,#12);
|
||||
#12=ADVANCED_BREP_SHAPE_REPRESENTATION('',(#14),#124);
|
||||
#13=STYLED_ITEM('',(#141),#14);
|
||||
#14=MANIFOLD_SOLID_BREP('Body1',#65);
|
||||
#15=FACE_BOUND('',#26,.T.);
|
||||
#16=FACE_BOUND('',#28,.T.);
|
||||
#17=PLANE('',#85);
|
||||
#18=PLANE('',#86);
|
||||
#19=FACE_OUTER_BOUND('',#23,.T.);
|
||||
#20=FACE_OUTER_BOUND('',#24,.T.);
|
||||
#21=FACE_OUTER_BOUND('',#25,.T.);
|
||||
#22=FACE_OUTER_BOUND('',#27,.T.);
|
||||
#23=EDGE_LOOP('',(#47,#48,#49,#50));
|
||||
#24=EDGE_LOOP('',(#51,#52,#53,#54));
|
||||
#25=EDGE_LOOP('',(#55));
|
||||
#26=EDGE_LOOP('',(#56));
|
||||
#27=EDGE_LOOP('',(#57));
|
||||
#28=EDGE_LOOP('',(#58));
|
||||
#29=LINE('',#112,#31);
|
||||
#30=LINE('',#118,#32);
|
||||
#31=VECTOR('',#93,1.7);
|
||||
#32=VECTOR('',#100,2.7);
|
||||
#33=CIRCLE('',#80,1.7);
|
||||
#34=CIRCLE('',#81,1.7);
|
||||
#35=CIRCLE('',#83,2.7);
|
||||
#36=CIRCLE('',#84,2.7);
|
||||
#37=VERTEX_POINT('',#109);
|
||||
#38=VERTEX_POINT('',#111);
|
||||
#39=VERTEX_POINT('',#115);
|
||||
#40=VERTEX_POINT('',#117);
|
||||
#41=EDGE_CURVE('',#37,#37,#33,.T.);
|
||||
#42=EDGE_CURVE('',#37,#38,#29,.T.);
|
||||
#43=EDGE_CURVE('',#38,#38,#34,.T.);
|
||||
#44=EDGE_CURVE('',#39,#39,#35,.T.);
|
||||
#45=EDGE_CURVE('',#39,#40,#30,.T.);
|
||||
#46=EDGE_CURVE('',#40,#40,#36,.T.);
|
||||
#47=ORIENTED_EDGE('',*,*,#41,.F.);
|
||||
#48=ORIENTED_EDGE('',*,*,#42,.T.);
|
||||
#49=ORIENTED_EDGE('',*,*,#43,.T.);
|
||||
#50=ORIENTED_EDGE('',*,*,#42,.F.);
|
||||
#51=ORIENTED_EDGE('',*,*,#44,.F.);
|
||||
#52=ORIENTED_EDGE('',*,*,#45,.T.);
|
||||
#53=ORIENTED_EDGE('',*,*,#46,.T.);
|
||||
#54=ORIENTED_EDGE('',*,*,#45,.F.);
|
||||
#55=ORIENTED_EDGE('',*,*,#44,.T.);
|
||||
#56=ORIENTED_EDGE('',*,*,#41,.T.);
|
||||
#57=ORIENTED_EDGE('',*,*,#46,.F.);
|
||||
#58=ORIENTED_EDGE('',*,*,#43,.F.);
|
||||
#59=CYLINDRICAL_SURFACE('',#79,1.7);
|
||||
#60=CYLINDRICAL_SURFACE('',#82,2.7);
|
||||
#61=ADVANCED_FACE('',(#19),#59,.F.);
|
||||
#62=ADVANCED_FACE('',(#20),#60,.T.);
|
||||
#63=ADVANCED_FACE('',(#21,#15),#17,.T.);
|
||||
#64=ADVANCED_FACE('',(#22,#16),#18,.F.);
|
||||
#65=CLOSED_SHELL('',(#61,#62,#63,#64));
|
||||
#66=DERIVED_UNIT_ELEMENT(#68,1.);
|
||||
#67=DERIVED_UNIT_ELEMENT(#127,-3.);
|
||||
#68=(
|
||||
MASS_UNIT()
|
||||
NAMED_UNIT(*)
|
||||
SI_UNIT(.KILO.,.GRAM.)
|
||||
);
|
||||
#69=DERIVED_UNIT((#66,#67));
|
||||
#70=MEASURE_REPRESENTATION_ITEM('density measure',
|
||||
POSITIVE_RATIO_MEASURE(7850.),#69);
|
||||
#71=PROPERTY_DEFINITION_REPRESENTATION(#76,#73);
|
||||
#72=PROPERTY_DEFINITION_REPRESENTATION(#77,#74);
|
||||
#73=REPRESENTATION('material name',(#75),#124);
|
||||
#74=REPRESENTATION('density',(#70),#124);
|
||||
#75=DESCRIPTIVE_REPRESENTATION_ITEM('Steel','Steel');
|
||||
#76=PROPERTY_DEFINITION('material property','material name',#134);
|
||||
#77=PROPERTY_DEFINITION('material property','density of part',#134);
|
||||
#78=AXIS2_PLACEMENT_3D('',#107,#87,#88);
|
||||
#79=AXIS2_PLACEMENT_3D('',#108,#89,#90);
|
||||
#80=AXIS2_PLACEMENT_3D('',#110,#91,#92);
|
||||
#81=AXIS2_PLACEMENT_3D('',#113,#94,#95);
|
||||
#82=AXIS2_PLACEMENT_3D('',#114,#96,#97);
|
||||
#83=AXIS2_PLACEMENT_3D('',#116,#98,#99);
|
||||
#84=AXIS2_PLACEMENT_3D('',#119,#101,#102);
|
||||
#85=AXIS2_PLACEMENT_3D('',#120,#103,#104);
|
||||
#86=AXIS2_PLACEMENT_3D('',#121,#105,#106);
|
||||
#87=DIRECTION('axis',(0.,0.,1.));
|
||||
#88=DIRECTION('refdir',(1.,0.,0.));
|
||||
#89=DIRECTION('center_axis',(0.,0.,1.));
|
||||
#90=DIRECTION('ref_axis',(1.,0.,0.));
|
||||
#91=DIRECTION('center_axis',(0.,0.,-1.));
|
||||
#92=DIRECTION('ref_axis',(1.,0.,0.));
|
||||
#93=DIRECTION('',(0.,0.,-1.));
|
||||
#94=DIRECTION('center_axis',(0.,0.,-1.));
|
||||
#95=DIRECTION('ref_axis',(1.,0.,0.));
|
||||
#96=DIRECTION('center_axis',(0.,0.,1.));
|
||||
#97=DIRECTION('ref_axis',(1.,0.,0.));
|
||||
#98=DIRECTION('center_axis',(0.,0.,1.));
|
||||
#99=DIRECTION('ref_axis',(1.,0.,0.));
|
||||
#100=DIRECTION('',(0.,0.,-1.));
|
||||
#101=DIRECTION('center_axis',(0.,0.,1.));
|
||||
#102=DIRECTION('ref_axis',(1.,0.,0.));
|
||||
#103=DIRECTION('center_axis',(0.,0.,1.));
|
||||
#104=DIRECTION('ref_axis',(1.,0.,0.));
|
||||
#105=DIRECTION('center_axis',(0.,0.,1.));
|
||||
#106=DIRECTION('ref_axis',(1.,0.,0.));
|
||||
#107=CARTESIAN_POINT('',(0.,0.,0.));
|
||||
#108=CARTESIAN_POINT('Origin',(0.,0.,0.));
|
||||
#109=CARTESIAN_POINT('',(-1.7,-2.0818995585505E-16,2.));
|
||||
#110=CARTESIAN_POINT('Origin',(0.,0.,2.));
|
||||
#111=CARTESIAN_POINT('',(-1.7,-2.0818995585505E-16,0.));
|
||||
#112=CARTESIAN_POINT('',(-1.7,-2.0818995585505E-16,0.));
|
||||
#113=CARTESIAN_POINT('Origin',(0.,0.,0.));
|
||||
#114=CARTESIAN_POINT('Origin',(0.,0.,0.));
|
||||
#115=CARTESIAN_POINT('',(-2.7,-3.30654635769785E-16,2.));
|
||||
#116=CARTESIAN_POINT('Origin',(0.,0.,2.));
|
||||
#117=CARTESIAN_POINT('',(-2.7,-3.30654635769785E-16,0.));
|
||||
#118=CARTESIAN_POINT('',(-2.7,-3.30654635769785E-16,0.));
|
||||
#119=CARTESIAN_POINT('Origin',(0.,0.,0.));
|
||||
#120=CARTESIAN_POINT('Origin',(0.,0.,2.));
|
||||
#121=CARTESIAN_POINT('Origin',(0.,0.,0.));
|
||||
#122=UNCERTAINTY_MEASURE_WITH_UNIT(LENGTH_MEASURE(0.01),#126,
|
||||
'DISTANCE_ACCURACY_VALUE',
|
||||
'Maximum model space distance between geometric entities at asserted c
|
||||
onnectivities');
|
||||
#123=UNCERTAINTY_MEASURE_WITH_UNIT(LENGTH_MEASURE(0.01),#126,
|
||||
'DISTANCE_ACCURACY_VALUE',
|
||||
'Maximum model space distance between geometric entities at asserted c
|
||||
onnectivities');
|
||||
#124=(
|
||||
GEOMETRIC_REPRESENTATION_CONTEXT(3)
|
||||
GLOBAL_UNCERTAINTY_ASSIGNED_CONTEXT((#122))
|
||||
GLOBAL_UNIT_ASSIGNED_CONTEXT((#126,#128,#129))
|
||||
REPRESENTATION_CONTEXT('','3D')
|
||||
);
|
||||
#125=(
|
||||
GEOMETRIC_REPRESENTATION_CONTEXT(3)
|
||||
GLOBAL_UNCERTAINTY_ASSIGNED_CONTEXT((#123))
|
||||
GLOBAL_UNIT_ASSIGNED_CONTEXT((#126,#128,#129))
|
||||
REPRESENTATION_CONTEXT('','3D')
|
||||
);
|
||||
#126=(
|
||||
LENGTH_UNIT()
|
||||
NAMED_UNIT(*)
|
||||
SI_UNIT(.MILLI.,.METRE.)
|
||||
);
|
||||
#127=(
|
||||
LENGTH_UNIT()
|
||||
NAMED_UNIT(*)
|
||||
SI_UNIT($,.METRE.)
|
||||
);
|
||||
#128=(
|
||||
NAMED_UNIT(*)
|
||||
PLANE_ANGLE_UNIT()
|
||||
SI_UNIT($,.RADIAN.)
|
||||
);
|
||||
#129=(
|
||||
NAMED_UNIT(*)
|
||||
SI_UNIT($,.STERADIAN.)
|
||||
SOLID_ANGLE_UNIT()
|
||||
);
|
||||
#130=SHAPE_DEFINITION_REPRESENTATION(#131,#132);
|
||||
#131=PRODUCT_DEFINITION_SHAPE('',$,#134);
|
||||
#132=SHAPE_REPRESENTATION('',(#78),#124);
|
||||
#133=PRODUCT_DEFINITION_CONTEXT('part definition',#138,'design');
|
||||
#134=PRODUCT_DEFINITION('washer-m3','washer-m3',#135,#133);
|
||||
#135=PRODUCT_DEFINITION_FORMATION('',$,#140);
|
||||
#136=PRODUCT_RELATED_PRODUCT_CATEGORY('washer-m3','washer-m3',(#140));
|
||||
#137=APPLICATION_PROTOCOL_DEFINITION('international standard',
|
||||
'automotive_design',2009,#138);
|
||||
#138=APPLICATION_CONTEXT(
|
||||
'Core Data for Automotive Mechanical Design Process');
|
||||
#139=PRODUCT_CONTEXT('part definition',#138,'mechanical');
|
||||
#140=PRODUCT('washer-m3','washer-m3',$,(#139));
|
||||
#141=PRESENTATION_STYLE_ASSIGNMENT((#142));
|
||||
#142=SURFACE_STYLE_USAGE(.BOTH.,#143);
|
||||
#143=SURFACE_SIDE_STYLE('',(#144));
|
||||
#144=SURFACE_STYLE_FILL_AREA(#145);
|
||||
#145=FILL_AREA_STYLE('Steel - Satin',(#146));
|
||||
#146=FILL_AREA_STYLE_COLOUR('Steel - Satin',#147);
|
||||
#147=COLOUR_RGB('Steel - Satin',0.627450980392157,0.627450980392157,0.627450980392157);
|
||||
ENDSEC;
|
||||
END-ISO-10303-21;
|
BIN
docs/assets/washer-m3.stl
Normal file
116
docs/book.css
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
|
||||
.sidebar-resize-handle { display: none !important; }
|
||||
|
||||
footer {
|
||||
contain: content;
|
||||
border-top: 3px solid #f4f4f4;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
footer a.telegram, footer a.github {
|
||||
display: block;
|
||||
margin-bottom: 10px;
|
||||
margin-top: 10px;
|
||||
display: flex;
|
||||
align-items: center;
|
||||
text-decoration: none;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.content .github, .content .telegram {
|
||||
display: flex;
|
||||
align-items: center;
|
||||
text-align: center;
|
||||
justify-content: center;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.telegram::before, .github::before {
|
||||
font-family: FontAwesome;
|
||||
margin-right: 0.3em;
|
||||
font-size: 1.6em;
|
||||
color: black;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.github::before {
|
||||
content: "\f09b";
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.telegram::before {
|
||||
font-size: 1.4em;
|
||||
color: #0084c5;
|
||||
content: "\f2c6";
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.content hr {
|
||||
border: none;
|
||||
border-top: 2px solid #c9c9c9;
|
||||
margin: 2em 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.content img {
|
||||
display: block;
|
||||
margin: 0 auto;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.content img.border {
|
||||
border: 1px solid #c9c9c9;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@media (max-width: 600px) {
|
||||
.MathJax_Display {
|
||||
overflow-x: auto;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.firmware {
|
||||
position: relative;
|
||||
margin: 20px 0;
|
||||
padding: 20px 20px;
|
||||
padding-left: 60px;
|
||||
color: var(--fg);
|
||||
background-color: var(--quote-bg);
|
||||
border-block-start: .1em solid var(--quote-border);
|
||||
border-block-end: .1em solid var(--quote-border);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.firmware::before {
|
||||
font-family: FontAwesome;
|
||||
font-size: 1.5em;
|
||||
content: "\f15b";
|
||||
position: absolute;
|
||||
width: 20px;
|
||||
text-align: center;
|
||||
left: 20px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.alert {
|
||||
margin-top: 20px;
|
||||
margin-bottom: 20px;
|
||||
position: relative;
|
||||
border-left: 2px solid #0a69da;
|
||||
padding: 20px;
|
||||
padding-left: 60px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.alert::before {
|
||||
font-family: FontAwesome;
|
||||
font-size: 1.5em;
|
||||
color: #0a69da;
|
||||
content: "\f05a";
|
||||
position: absolute;
|
||||
width: 20px;
|
||||
text-align: center;
|
||||
left: 20px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.alert-tip { border-left-color: #1b7f37; }
|
||||
.alert-tip::before { color: #1b7f37; content: '\f0eb'; }
|
||||
|
||||
.alert-caution { border-left-color: #cf212e; }
|
||||
.alert-caution::before { color: #cf212e; content: '\f071'; }
|
||||
|
||||
.alert-important { border-left-color: #8250df; }
|
||||
.alert-important::before { color: #8250df; content: '\f06a'; }
|
||||
|
||||
.alert-warning { border-left-color: #f0ad4e; }
|
||||
.alert-warning::before { color: #f0ad4e; content: '\f071'; }
|
||||
|
||||
.alert-code { border-left-color: #333; }
|
||||
.alert-code::before { color: #333; content: '\f121'; }
|
22
docs/book.toml
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
|
||||
[book]
|
||||
authors = ["Oleg Kalachev"]
|
||||
language = "ru"
|
||||
multilingual = false
|
||||
src = "book"
|
||||
title = "Полетный контроллер с нуля"
|
||||
description = "Учебник по разработке полетного контроллера квадрокоптера"
|
||||
|
||||
[build]
|
||||
build-dir = "build"
|
||||
|
||||
[output.html]
|
||||
additional-css = ["book.css", "zoom.css", "rotation.css"]
|
||||
additional-js = ["zoom.js", "js.js"]
|
||||
edit-url-template = "https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/master/docs/{path}?plain=1"
|
||||
mathjax-support = true
|
||||
|
||||
[output.html.code.hidelines]
|
||||
cpp = "//~"
|
||||
|
||||
[preprocessor.alerts]
|
||||
command = "python3 alerts.py"
|
10
docs/book/README.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
||||
# Flix
|
||||
|
||||
> [!IMPORTANT]
|
||||
> Flix — это проект по созданию открытого квадрокоптера на базе ESP32 с нуля и учебника по разработке полетных контроллеров.
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/flix1.1.jpg" class="border" width=500 alt="Flix quadcopter">
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="github">GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/okalachev/flix">github.com/okalachev/flix</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="telegram">Telegram-канал: <a href="https://t.me/opensourcequadcopter">@opensourcequadcopter</a>.</p>
|
23
docs/book/SUMMARY.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
|
||||
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD041 -->
|
||||
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD042 -->
|
||||
|
||||
[Главная](./README.md)
|
||||
|
||||
* [Архитектура прошивки](firmware.md)
|
||||
|
||||
# Учебник
|
||||
|
||||
* [Основы]()
|
||||
* [Светодиод]()
|
||||
* [Моторы]()
|
||||
* [Радиоуправление]()
|
||||
* [Вектор, кватернион](geometry.md)
|
||||
* [Гироскоп](gyro.md)
|
||||
* [Акселерометр]()
|
||||
* [Оценка состояния]()
|
||||
* [PID-регулятор]()
|
||||
* [Режим ACRO]()
|
||||
* [Режим STAB]()
|
||||
* [Wi-Fi]()
|
||||
* [MAVLink]()
|
||||
* [Симуляция]()
|
32
docs/book/firmware.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
|
||||
# Архитектура прошивки
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/dataflow.svg" width=800 alt="Firmware dataflow diagram">
|
||||
|
||||
Главный цикл работает на частоте 1000 Гц. Передача данных между подсистемами происходит через глобальные переменные:
|
||||
|
||||
* `t` *(float)* — текущее время шага, *с*.
|
||||
* `dt` *(float)* — дельта времени между текущим и предыдущим шагами, *с*.
|
||||
* `gyro` *(Vector)* — данные с гироскопа, *рад/с*.
|
||||
* `acc` *(Vector)* — данные с акселерометра, *м/с<sup>2</sup>*.
|
||||
* `rates` *(Vector)* — отфильтрованные угловые скорости, *рад/с*.
|
||||
* `attitude` *(Quaternion)* — оценка ориентации (положения) дрона.
|
||||
* `controlRoll`, `controlPitch`, ... *(float[])* — команды управления от пилота, в диапазоне [-1, 1].
|
||||
* `motors` *(float[])* — выходные сигналы на моторы, в диапазоне [0, 1].
|
||||
|
||||
## Исходные файлы
|
||||
|
||||
Исходные файлы прошивки находятся в директории `flix`. Ключевые файлы:
|
||||
|
||||
* [`flix.ino`](https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/canonical/flix/flix.ino) — основной входной файл, скетч Arduino. Включает определение глобальных переменных и главный цикл.
|
||||
* [`imu.ino`](https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/canonical/flix/imu.ino) — чтение данных с датчика IMU (гироскоп и акселерометр), калибровка IMU.
|
||||
* [`rc.ino`](https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/canonical/flix/rc.ino) — чтение данных с RC-приемника, калибровка RC.
|
||||
* [`mavlink.ino`](https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/canonical/flix/mavlink.ino) — взаимодействие с QGroundControl через MAVLink.
|
||||
* [`estimate.ino`](https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/canonical/flix/estimate.ino) — оценка ориентации дрона, комплементарный фильтр.
|
||||
* [`control.ino`](https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/canonical/flix/control.ino) — управление ориентацией и угловыми скоростями дрона, трехмерный двухуровневый каскадный PID-регулятор.
|
||||
* [`motors.ino`](https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/canonical/flix/motors.ino) — управление выходными сигналами на моторы через ШИМ.
|
||||
|
||||
Вспомогательные файлы включают:
|
||||
|
||||
* [`vector.h`](https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/canonical/flix/vector.h), [`quaternion.h`](https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/canonical/flix/quaternion.h) — реализация библиотек векторов и кватернионов проекта.
|
||||
* [`pid.h`](https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/canonical/flix/pid.h) — реализация общего ПИД-регулятора.
|
||||
* [`lpf.h`](https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/canonical/flix/lpf.h) — реализация общего фильтра нижних частот.
|
309
docs/book/geometry.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
|
||||
# Вектор, кватернион
|
||||
|
||||
В алгоритме управления квадрокоптером широко применяются геометрические (и алгебраические) объекты, такие как **векторы** и **кватернионы**. Они позволяют упростить математические вычисления и улучшить читаемость кода. В этой главе мы рассмотрим именно те геометрические объекты, которые используются в алгоритме управления квадрокоптером Flix, причем акцент будет сделан на практических аспектах их использования.
|
||||
|
||||
## Система координат
|
||||
|
||||
### Оси координат
|
||||
|
||||
Для работы с объектами в трехмерном пространстве необходимо определить *систему координат*. Как известно, система координат задается тремя взаимно перпендикулярными осями, которые обозначаются как *X*, *Y* и *Z*. Порядок обозначения этих осей зависит от того, какую систему координат мы выбрали — *левую* или *правую*:
|
||||
|
||||
|Левая система координат|Правая система координат|
|
||||
|-----------------------|------------------------|
|
||||
|<img src="img/left-axes.svg" alt="Левая система координат" width="200">|<img src="img/right-axes.svg" alt="Правая система координат" width="200">|
|
||||
|
||||
В Flix для всех математических расчетов используется **правая система координат**, что является стандартом в робототехнике и авиации.
|
||||
|
||||
Также необходимо выбрать направление осей — в Flix они выбраны в соответствии со стандартом [REP-103](https://www.ros.org/reps/rep-0103.html). Для величин, заданных в подвижной системе координат, связанной с корпусом дрона, применяется порядок <abbr title="Forward Left Up">FLU</abbr>:
|
||||
|
||||
* ось X — направлена **вперед**;
|
||||
* ось Y — направлена **влево**;
|
||||
* ось Z — направлена **вверх**.
|
||||
|
||||
Для величин, заданных в *мировой* системе координат (относительно фиксированной точки в пространстве) — <abbr title="East North Up">ENU</abbr>:
|
||||
|
||||
* ось X — направлена на **восток** (условный);
|
||||
* ось Y — направлена на **север** (условный);
|
||||
* ось Z — направлена **вверх**.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!NOTE]
|
||||
> Для системы ENU важно только взаимное направление осей. Если доступен магнитометр, то используются реальные восток и север, но если нет — то произвольно выбранные.
|
||||
|
||||
Углы и угловые скорости определяются в соответствии с правилами математики: значения увеличиваются против часовой стрелки, если смотреть в сторону начала координат. Общий вид системы координат:
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/axes-rotation.svg" alt="Система координат" width="200">
|
||||
|
||||
> [!TIP]
|
||||
> Оси координат <i>X</i>, <i>Y</i> и <i>Z</i> часто обозначаются красными, зелеными и синими цветами соответственно. Запомнить это можно с помощью сокращения <abbr title="Red Green Blue">RGB</abbr>.
|
||||
|
||||
## Вектор
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="firmware">
|
||||
<strong>Файл прошивки:</strong>
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/master/flix/vector.h"><code>vector.h</code></a>.<br>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
**Вектор** — простой геометрический объект, который содержит три значения, соответствующие координатам *X*, *Y* и *Z*. Эти значения называются *компонентами вектора*. Вектор может описывать точку в пространстве, направление или ось вращения, скорость, ускорение, угловые скорости и другие физические величины. В Flix векторы задаются объектами `Vector` из библиотеки `vector.h`:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
Vector v(1, 2, 3);
|
||||
v.x = 5;
|
||||
v.y = 10;
|
||||
v.z = 15;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> [!TIP]
|
||||
> Не следует путать геометрический вектор — <code>vector</code> и динамический массив в стандартной библиотеке C++ — <code>std::vector</code>.
|
||||
|
||||
В прошивке в виде векторов представлены, например:
|
||||
|
||||
* `acc` собственное ускорение с акселерометра.
|
||||
* `gyro` — угловые скорости с гироскопа.
|
||||
* `rates` — рассчитанная угловая скорость дрона.
|
||||
* `accBias`, `accScale`, `gyroBias` — параметры калибровки IMU.
|
||||
|
||||
### Операции с векторами
|
||||
|
||||
**Длина вектора** рассчитывается при помощи теоремы Пифагора; в прошивке используется метод `norm()`:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
Vector v(3, 4, 5);
|
||||
float length = v.norm(); // 7.071
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Любой вектор можно привести к **единичному вектору** (сохранить направление, но сделать длину равной 1) при помощи метода `normalize()`:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
Vector v(3, 4, 5);
|
||||
v.normalize(); // 0.424, 0.566, 0.707
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Сложение и вычитание** векторов реализуется через простое покомпонентное сложение и вычитание. Геометрически сумма векторов представляет собой вектор, который соединяет начало первого вектора с концом второго. Разность векторов представляет собой вектор, который соединяет конец первого вектора с концом второго. Это удобно для расчета относительных позиций, суммарных скоростей и решения других задач. В коде эти операции интуитивно понятны:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
Vector a(1, 2, 3);
|
||||
Vector b(4, 5, 6);
|
||||
Vector sum = a + b; // 5, 7, 9
|
||||
Vector diff = a - b; // -3, -3, -3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Операция **умножения на число** `n` увеличивает (или уменьшает) длину вектора в `n` раз (сохраняя направление):
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
Vector a(1, 2, 3);
|
||||
Vector b = a * 2; // 2, 4, 6
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
В некоторых случаях полезна операция **покомпонентного умножения** (или деления) векторов. Например, для применения коэффициентов калибровки к данным с IMU. В разных библиотеках эта операция обозначается по разному, но в библиотеке `vector.h` используется простые знаки `*` и `/`:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
acc = acc / accScale;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Угол между векторами** можно найти при помощи статического метода `Vector::angleBetween()`:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
Vector a(1, 0, 0);
|
||||
Vector b(0, 1, 0);
|
||||
float angle = Vector::angleBetween(a, b); // 1.57 (90 градусов)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Скалярное произведение
|
||||
|
||||
Скалярное произведение векторов (*dot product*) — это произведение длин двух векторов на косинус угла между ними. В математике оно обозначается знаком `·` или слитным написанием векторов. Интуитивно, результат скалярного произведения показывает, насколько два вектора *сонаправлены*.
|
||||
|
||||
В Flix используется статический метод `Vector::dot()`:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
Vector a(1, 2, 3);
|
||||
Vector b(4, 5, 6);
|
||||
float dotProduct = Vector::dot(a, b); // 32
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Операция скалярного произведения может помочь, например, при расчете проекции одного вектора на другой.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Векторное произведение
|
||||
|
||||
Векторное произведение (*cross product*) позволяет найти вектор, перпендикулярный двум другим векторам. В математике оно обозначается знаком `×`, а в прошивке используется статический метод `Vector::cross()`:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
Vector a(1, 2, 3);
|
||||
Vector b(4, 5, 6);
|
||||
Vector crossProduct = Vector::cross(a, b); // -3, 6, -3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Кватернион
|
||||
|
||||
### Ориентация в трехмерном пространстве
|
||||
|
||||
В отличие от позиции и скорости, у ориентации в трехмерном пространстве нет универсального для всех случаев способа представления. В зависимости от задачи ориентация может быть представлена в виде *углов Эйлера*, *матрицы поворота*, *вектора вращения* или *кватерниона*. Рассмотрим используемые в полетной прошивке способы представления ориентации.
|
||||
|
||||
### Углы Эйлера
|
||||
|
||||
**Углы Эйлера** — *крен*, *тангаж* и *рыскание* — это наиболее «естественный» для человека способ представления ориентации. Они описывают последовательные вращения объекта вокруг трех осей координат.
|
||||
|
||||
В прошивке углы Эйлера сохраняются в обычный объект `Vector` (хоть и, строго говоря, не являются вектором):
|
||||
|
||||
* Угол по крену (*roll*) — `vector.x`.
|
||||
* Угол по тангажу (*pitch*) — `vector.y`.
|
||||
* Угол по рысканию (*yaw*) — `vector.z`.
|
||||
|
||||
Особенности углов Эйлера:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Углы Эйлера зависят от порядка применения вращений, то есть существует 6 типов углов Эйлера. Порядок вращений, принятый в Flix (и в роботехнике в целом) — рыскание, тангаж, крен (ZYX).
|
||||
2. Для некоторых ориентаций углы Эйлера «вырождаются». Так, если объект «смотрит» строго вниз, то угол по рысканию и угол по крену становятся неразличимыми. Эта ситуация называется *gimbal lock* — потеря одной степени свободы.
|
||||
|
||||
Ввиду этих особенности для углов Эйлера не существует общих формул для самых базовых задач с ориентациями, таких как применение одного вращения (ориентации) к другому, расчет разницы между ориентациями и подобных. Поэтому в основном углы Эйлера применяются в пользовательском интерфейсе, но редко используются в математических расчетах.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!IMPORTANT]
|
||||
> Для углов Эйлера не существует общих формул для самых базовых операций с ориентациями.
|
||||
|
||||
### Axis-angle
|
||||
|
||||
Помимо углов Эйлера, любую ориентацию в трехмерном пространстве можно представить в виде вращения вокруг некоторой оси на некоторый угол. В геометрии это доказывается, как **теорема вращения Эйлера**. В таком представлении ориентация задается двумя величинами:
|
||||
|
||||
* **Ось вращения** (*axis*) — единичный вектор, определяющий ось вращения.
|
||||
* **Угол поворота** (*angle* или *θ*) — угол, на который нужно повернуть объект вокруг этой оси.
|
||||
|
||||
В Flix ось вращения задается объектом `Vector`, а угол поворота — числом типа `float` в радианах:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
// Вращение на 45 градусов вокруг оси (1, 2, 3)
|
||||
Vector axis(1, 2, 3);
|
||||
float angle = radians(45);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Этот способ более удобен для расчетов, чем углы Эйлера, но все еще не является оптимальным.
|
||||
|
||||
### Вектор вращения
|
||||
|
||||
Если умножить вектор *axis* на угол поворота *θ*, то получится **вектор вращения** (*rotation vector*). Этот вектор играет важную роль в алгоритмах управления ориентацией летательного аппарата.
|
||||
|
||||
Вектор вращения обладает замечательным свойством: если угловые скорости объекта (в собственной системе координат) в каждый момент времени совпадают с компонентами этого вектора, то за единичное время объект придет к заданной этим вектором ориентации. Это свойство позволяет использовать вектор вращения для управления ориентацией объекта посредством управления угловыми скоростями.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!IMPORTANT]
|
||||
> Чтобы за единичное время прийти к заданной ориентации, собственные угловые скорости объекта должны быть равны компонентам вектора вращения.
|
||||
|
||||
Вектора вращения в Flix представляются в виде объектов `Vector`:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
// Вращение на 45 градусов вокруг оси (1, 2, 3)
|
||||
Vector rotation = radians(45) * Vector(1, 2, 3);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Кватернион
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="firmware">
|
||||
<strong>Файл прошивки:</strong>
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/master/flix/quaternion.h"><code>quaternion.h</code></a>.<br>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Вектор вращения удобен, но еще удобнее использовать **кватернион**. В Flix кватернионы задаются объектами `Quaternion` из библиотеки `quaternion.h`. Кватернион состоит из четырех значений: *w*, *x*, *y*, *z* и рассчитывается из вектора оси вращения (*axis*) и угла поворота (*θ*) по формуле:
|
||||
|
||||
\\[ q = \left( \begin{array}{c} w \\\\ x \\\\ y \\\\ z \end{array} \right) = \left( \begin{array}{c} \cos\left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right) \\\\ axis\_x \cdot \sin\left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right) \\\\ axis\_y \cdot \sin\left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right) \\\\ axis\_z \cdot \sin\left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right) \end{array} \right) \\]
|
||||
|
||||
На практике оказывается, что **именно такое представление наиболее удобно для математических расчетов**.
|
||||
|
||||
Проиллюстрируем кватернион и описанные выше способы представления ориентации на интерактивной визуализации. Изменяйте угол поворота *θ* с помощью ползунка (ось вращения константна) и изучите, как меняется ориентация объекта, вектор вращения и кватернион:
|
||||
|
||||
<div id="rotation-diagram" class="diagram">
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<label class="angle" for="angle-range"></label>
|
||||
<input type="range" name="angle" id="angle-range" min="0" max="360" value="0" step="1">
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p class="axis"></p>
|
||||
<p class="rotation-vector"></p>
|
||||
<p class="quaternion"></p>
|
||||
<p class="euler"></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<script type="importmap">
|
||||
{
|
||||
"imports": {
|
||||
"three": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three@0.176.0/build/three.module.js",
|
||||
"three/addons/": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three@0.176.0/examples/jsm/"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script type="module" src="js/rotation.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
> [!IMPORTANT]
|
||||
> В контексте управляющих алгоритмов кватернион — это оптимизированный для расчетов аналог вектора вращения.
|
||||
|
||||
Кватернион это наиболее часто используемый способ представления ориентации в алгоритмах. Кроме этого, у кватерниона есть большое значение в теории чисел и алгебре, как у расширения понятия комплексного числа, но рассмотрение этого аспекта выходит за рамки описания работы с вращениями с практической точки зрения.
|
||||
|
||||
В прошивке в виде кватернионов представлены, например:
|
||||
|
||||
* `attitude` — текущая ориентация квадрокоптера.
|
||||
* `attitudeTarget` — целевая ориентация квадрокоптера.
|
||||
|
||||
### Операции с кватернионами
|
||||
|
||||
Кватернион создается напрямую из четырех его компонент:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
// Кватернион, представляющий нулевую (исходную) ориентацию
|
||||
Quaternion q(1, 0, 0, 0);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Кватернион можно создать из оси вращения и угла поворота, вектора вращения или углов Эйлера:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
Quaternion q1 = Quaternion::fromAxisAngle(axis, angle);
|
||||
Quaternion q2 = Quaternion::fromRotationVector(rotation);
|
||||
Quaternion q3 = Quaternion::fromEuler(Vector(roll, pitch, yaw));
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
И наоборот:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
q1.toAxisAngle(axis, angle);
|
||||
Vector rotation = q2.toRotationVector();
|
||||
Vector euler = q3.toEuler();
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Возможно рассчитать вращение между двумя обычными векторами:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
Quaternion q = Quaternion::fromBetweenVectors(v1, v2); // в виде кватерниона
|
||||
Vector rotation = Vector::rotationVectorBetween(v1, v2); // в виде вектора вращения
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Шорткаты для работы с углом Эйлера по рысканью (удобно для алгоритмов управления полетом):
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
float yaw = q.getYaw();
|
||||
q.setYaw(yaw);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Применения вращений
|
||||
|
||||
Чтобы применить вращение, выраженное в кватернионе, к другому кватерниону, в математике используется операция **умножения кватернионов**. При использовании этой операции, необходимо учитывать, что она не является коммутативной, то есть порядок операндов имеет значение. Формула умножения кватернионов выглядит так:
|
||||
|
||||
\\[ q_1 \times q_2 = \left( \begin{array}{c} w_1 \\\\ x_1 \\\\ y_1 \\\\ z_1 \end{array} \right) \times \left( \begin{array}{c} w_2 \\\\ x_2 \\\\ y_2 \\\\ z_2 \end{array} \right) = \left( \begin{array}{c} w_1 w_2 - x_1 x_2 - y_1 y_2 - z_1 z_2 \\\\ w_1 x_2 + x_1 w_2 + y_1 z_2 - z_1 y_2 \\\\ w_1 y_2 - x_1 z_2 + y_1 w_2 + z_1 x_2 \\\\ w_1 z_2 + x_1 y_2 - y_1 x_2 + z_1 w_2 \end{array} \right) \\]
|
||||
|
||||
В библиотеке `quaternion.h` для этой операции используется статический метод `Quaternion::rotate()`:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
// Композиция вращений q1 и q2
|
||||
Quaternion result = Quaternion::rotate(q1, q2);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Также полезной является операция применения вращения к вектору, которая делается похожим образом:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
// Вращение вектора v кватернионом q
|
||||
Vector result = Quaternion::rotateVector(v, q);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Для расчета разницы между двумя ориентациями используется метод `Quaternion::between()`:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
// Расчет вращения от q1 к q2
|
||||
Quaternion q = Quaternion::between(q1, q2);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Дополнительные материалы
|
||||
|
||||
* [Интерактивный учебник по кватернионам](https://eater.net/quaternions).
|
||||
* [Визуализация вращения вектора с помощью кватернионов](https://quaternions.online).
|
262
docs/book/gyro.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
|
||||
# Гироскоп
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="firmware">
|
||||
<strong>Файл прошивки:</strong>
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/canonical/flix/imu.ino"><code>imu.ino</code></a> <small>(каноничная версия)</small>.<br>
|
||||
Текущая версия: <a href="https://github.com/okalachev/flix/blob/master/flix/imu.ino"><code>imu.ino</code></a>.
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Поддержание стабильного полета квадрокоптера невозможно без датчиков обратной связи. Важнейший из них — это **MEMS-гироскоп**. MEMS-гироскоп это микроэлектромеханический аналог классического механического гироскопа.
|
||||
|
||||
Механический гироскоп состоит из вращающегося диска, который сохраняет свою ориентацию в пространстве. Благодаря этому эффекту возможно определить ориентацию объекта в пространстве.
|
||||
|
||||
В MEMS-гироскопе нет вращающихся частей, и он помещается в крошечную микросхему. Он может измерять только текущую угловую скорость вращения объекта вокруг трех осей: X, Y и Z.
|
||||
|
||||
|Механический гироскоп|MEMS-гироскоп|
|
||||
|-|-|
|
||||
|<img src="img/gyroscope.jpg" width="300" alt="Механический гироскоп">|<img src="img/mpu9250.jpg" width="100" alt="MEMS-гироскоп MPU-9250">|
|
||||
|
||||
MEMS-гироскоп обычно интегрирован в инерциальный модуль (IMU), в котором также находятся акселерометр и магнитометр. Модуль IMU часто называют 9-осевым датчиком, потому что он измеряет:
|
||||
|
||||
* Угловую скорость вращения по трем осям (гироскоп).
|
||||
* Ускорение по трем осям (акселерометр).
|
||||
* Магнитное поле по трем осям (магнитометр).
|
||||
|
||||
Flix поддерживает следующие модели IMU:
|
||||
|
||||
* InvenSense MPU-9250.
|
||||
* InvenSense MPU-6500.
|
||||
* InvenSense ICM-20948.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!NOTE]
|
||||
> MEMS-гироскоп измеряет угловую скорость вращения объекта.
|
||||
|
||||
## Интерфейс подключения
|
||||
|
||||
Большинство модулей IMU подключаются к микроконтроллеру через интерфейсы I²C и SPI. Оба этих интерфейса являются *шинами данных*, то есть позволяют подключить к одному микроконтроллеру несколько устройств.
|
||||
|
||||
**Интерфейс I²C** использует два провода для передачи данных и тактового сигнала. Выбор устройства для коммуникации происходит при помощи передачи адреса устройства на шину. Разные устройства имеют разные адреса, и микроконтроллер может последовательно общаться с несколькими устройствами.
|
||||
|
||||
**Интерфейс SPI** использует два провода для передачи данных, еще один для тактового сигнала и еще один для выбора устройства. При этом для каждого устройства на шине выделяется отдельный GPIO-пин для выбора. В разных реализациях этот пин называется CS/NCS (Chip Select) или SS (Slave Select). Когда CS-пин устройства активен (напряжение на нем низкое), устройство выбрано для общения.
|
||||
|
||||
В полетных контроллерах IMU обычно подключают через SPI, потому что он обеспечивает значительно бо́льшую скорость передачи данных и меньшую задержку. Подключение IMU через интерфейс I²C (например, в случае нехватки пинов микроконтроллера) возможно, но не рекомендуется.
|
||||
|
||||
Подключение IMU к микроконтроллеру ESP32 через интерфейс SPI выглядит так:
|
||||
|
||||
|Пин платы IMU|Пин ESP32|
|
||||
|-|-|
|
||||
|VCC/3V3|3V3|
|
||||
|GND|GND|
|
||||
|SCL|IO18|
|
||||
|SDA *(MOSI)*|IO23|
|
||||
|SAO/AD0 *(MISO)*|IO19|
|
||||
|NCS|IO5|
|
||||
|
||||
Кроме того, многие IMU могут «будить» микроконтроллер при наличии новых данных. Для этого используется пин INT, который подключается к любому GPIO-пину микроконтроллера. При такой конфигурации можно использовать прерывания для обработки новых данных с IMU, вместо периодического опроса датчика. Это позволяет снизить нагрузку на микроконтроллер в сложных алгоритмах управления.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!WARNING]
|
||||
> На некоторых платах IMU, например, на ICM-20948, отсутствует стабилизатор напряжения, поэтому их нельзя подключать к пину VIN ESP32, который подает напряжение 5 В. Допустимо питание только от пина 3V3.
|
||||
|
||||
## Работа с гироскопом
|
||||
|
||||
Для взаимодействия с IMU, включая работу с гироскопом, в Flix используется библиотека *FlixPeriph*. Библиотека устанавливается через менеджер библиотек Arduino IDE:
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/flixperiph.png" width="300">
|
||||
|
||||
Чтобы работать с IMU, используется класс, соответствующий модели IMU: `MPU9250`, `MPU6500` или `ICM20948`. Классы для работы с разными IMU имеют единообразный интерфейс для основных операций, поэтому возможно легко переключаться между разными моделями IMU. Датчик MPU-6500 практически полностью совместим с MPU-9250, поэтому фактически класс `MPU9250` поддерживает обе модели.
|
||||
|
||||
## Ориентация осей гироскопа
|
||||
|
||||
Данные с гироскопа представляют собой угловую скорость вокруг трех осей: X, Y и Z. Ориентацию этих осей у IMU InvenSense можно легко определить по небольшой точке в углу чипа. Оси координат и направление вращения для измерений гироскопа обозначены на диаграмме:
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/imu-axes.svg" width="300" alt="Оси координат IMU">
|
||||
|
||||
Расположение осей координат в популярных платах IMU:
|
||||
|
||||
|GY-91|MPU-92/65|ICM-20948|
|
||||
|-|-|-|
|
||||
|<img src="https://github.com/okalachev/flixperiph/raw/refs/heads/master/img/gy91-axes.svg" width="200" alt="Оси координат платы GY-91">|<img src="https://github.com/okalachev/flixperiph/raw/refs/heads/master/img/mpu9265-axes.svg" width="200" alt="Оси координат платы MPU-9265">|<img src="https://github.com/okalachev/flixperiph/raw/refs/heads/master/img/icm20948-axes.svg" width="200" alt="Оси координат платы ICM-20948">|
|
||||
|
||||
Магнитометр IMU InvenSense обычно является отдельным устройством, интегрированным в чип, поэтому его оси координат могут отличаться. Библиотека FlixPeriph скрывает это различие и приводит данные с магнитометра к системе координат гироскопа и акселерометра.
|
||||
|
||||
## Чтение данных
|
||||
|
||||
Интерфейс библиотеки FlixPeriph соответствует стилю, принятому в Arduino. Для начала работы с IMU необходимо создать объект соответствующего класса и вызвать метод `begin()`. В конструктор класса передается интерфейс, по которому подключен IMU (SPI или I²C):
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
#include <FlixPeriph.h>
|
||||
#include <SPI.h>
|
||||
|
||||
MPU9250 IMU(SPI);
|
||||
|
||||
void setup() {
|
||||
Serial.begin(115200);
|
||||
bool success = IMU.begin();
|
||||
if (!success) {
|
||||
Serial.println("Failed to initialize IMU");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Для однократного считывания данных используется метод `read()`. Затем данные с гироскопа получаются при помощи метода `getGyro(x, y, z)`. Этот метод записывает в переменные `x`, `y` и `z` угловые скорости вокруг соответствующих осей в радианах в секунду.
|
||||
|
||||
Если нужно гарантировать, что будут считаны новые данные, можно использовать метод `waitForData()`. Этот метод блокирует выполнение программы до тех пор, пока в IMU не появятся новые данные. Метод `waitForData()` позволяет привязать частоту главного цикла `loop` к частоте обновления данных IMU. Это удобно для организации главного цикла управления квадрокоптером.
|
||||
|
||||
Программа для чтения данных с гироскопа и вывода их в консоль для построения графиков в Serial Plotter выглядит так:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
#include <FlixPeriph.h>
|
||||
#include <SPI.h>
|
||||
|
||||
MPU9250 IMU(SPI);
|
||||
|
||||
void setup() {
|
||||
Serial.begin(115200);
|
||||
bool success = IMU.begin();
|
||||
if (!success) {
|
||||
Serial.println("Failed to initialize IMU");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void loop() {
|
||||
IMU.waitForData();
|
||||
|
||||
float gx, gy, gz;
|
||||
IMU.getGyro(gx, gy, gz);
|
||||
|
||||
Serial.printf("gx:%f gy:%f gz:%f\n", gx, gy, gz);
|
||||
delay(50); // замедление вывода
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
После запуска программы в Serial Plotter можно увидеть графики угловых скоростей. Например, при вращениях IMU вокруг вертикальной оси Z графики будут выглядеть так:
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/gyro-plotter.png">
|
||||
|
||||
## Конфигурация гироскопа
|
||||
|
||||
В коде Flix настройка IMU происходит в функции `configureIMU`. В этой функции настраиваются три основных параметра гироскопа: диапазон измерений, частота сэмплов и частота LPF-фильтра.
|
||||
|
||||
### Частота сэмплов
|
||||
|
||||
Большинство IMU могут обновлять данные с разной частотой. В полетных контроллерах обычно используется частота обновления от 500 Гц до 8 кГц. Чем выше частота сэмплов, тем выше точность управления полетом, но и больше нагрузка на микроконтроллер.
|
||||
|
||||
Частота сэмплов устанавливается методом `setSampleRate()`. В Flix используется частота 1 кГц:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
IMU.setRate(IMU.RATE_1KHZ_APPROX);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Поскольку не все поддерживаемые IMU могут работать строго на частоте 1 кГц, в библиотеке FlixPeriph существует возможность приближенной настройки частоты сэмплов. Например, у IMU ICM-20948 при такой настройке реальная частота сэмплирования будет равна 1125 Гц.
|
||||
|
||||
Другие доступные для установки в библиотеке FlixPeriph частоты сэмплирования:
|
||||
|
||||
* `RATE_MIN` — минимальная частота сэмплов для конкретного IMU.
|
||||
* `RATE_50HZ_APPROX` — значение, близкое к 50 Гц.
|
||||
* `RATE_1KHZ_APPROX` — значение, близкое к 1 кГц.
|
||||
* `RATE_8KHZ_APPROX` — значение, близкое к 8 кГц.
|
||||
* `RATE_MAX` — максимальная частота сэмплов для конкретного IMU.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Диапазон измерений
|
||||
|
||||
Большинство MEMS-гироскопов поддерживают несколько диапазонов измерений угловой скорости. Главное преимущество выбора меньшего диапазона — бо́льшая чувствительность. В полетных контроллерах обычно выбирается максимальный диапазон измерений от –2000 до 2000 градусов в секунду, чтобы обеспечить возможность динамичных маневров.
|
||||
|
||||
В библиотеке FlixPeriph диапазон измерений гироскопа устанавливается методом `setGyroRange()`:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
IMU.setGyroRange(IMU.GYRO_RANGE_2000DPS);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### LPF-фильтр
|
||||
|
||||
IMU InvenSense могут фильтровать измерения на аппаратном уровне при помощи фильтра нижних частот (LPF). Flix реализует собственный фильтр для гироскопа, чтобы иметь больше гибкости при поддержке разных IMU. Поэтому для встроенного LPF устанавливается максимальная частота среза:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
IMU.setDLPF(IMU.DLPF_MAX);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Калибровка гироскопа
|
||||
|
||||
Как и любое измерительное устройство, гироскоп вносит искажения в измерения. Наиболее простая модель этих искажений делит их на статические смещения (*bias*) и случайный шум (*noise*):
|
||||
|
||||
\\[ gyro_{xyz}=rates_{xyz}+bias_{xyz}+noise \\]
|
||||
|
||||
Для качественной работы подсистемы оценки ориентации и управления дроном необходимо оценить *bias* гироскопа и учесть его в вычислениях. Для этого при запуске программы производится калибровка гироскопа, которая реализована в функции `calibrateGyro()`. Эта функция считывает данные с гироскопа в состоянии покоя 1000 раз и усредняет их. Полученные значения считаются *bias* гироскопа и в дальнейшем вычитаются из измерений.
|
||||
|
||||
Программа для вывода данных с гироскопа с калибровкой:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
#include <FlixPeriph.h>
|
||||
#include <SPI.h>
|
||||
|
||||
MPU9250 IMU(SPI);
|
||||
|
||||
float gyroBiasX, gyroBiasY, gyroBiasZ; // bias гироскопа
|
||||
|
||||
void setup() {
|
||||
Serial.begin(115200);
|
||||
bool success = IMU.begin();
|
||||
if (!success) {
|
||||
Serial.println("Failed to initialize IMU");
|
||||
}
|
||||
calibrateGyro();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void loop() {
|
||||
float gx, gy, gz;
|
||||
IMU.waitForData();
|
||||
IMU.getGyro(gx, gy, gz);
|
||||
|
||||
// Устранение bias гироскопа
|
||||
gx -= gyroBiasX;
|
||||
gy -= gyroBiasY;
|
||||
gz -= gyroBiasZ;
|
||||
|
||||
Serial.printf("gx:%f gy:%f gz:%f\n", gx, gy, gz);
|
||||
delay(50); // замедление вывода
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void calibrateGyro() {
|
||||
const int samples = 1000;
|
||||
Serial.println("Calibrating gyro, stand still");
|
||||
|
||||
gyroBiasX = 0;
|
||||
gyroBiasY = 0;
|
||||
gyroBiasZ = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
// Получение 1000 измерений гироскопа
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
|
||||
IMU.waitForData();
|
||||
float gx, gy, gz;
|
||||
IMU.getGyro(gx, gy, gz);
|
||||
gyroBiasX += gx;
|
||||
gyroBiasY += gy;
|
||||
gyroBiasZ += gz;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Усреднение значений
|
||||
gyroBiasX = gyroBiasX / samples;
|
||||
gyroBiasY = gyroBiasY / samples;
|
||||
gyroBiasZ = gyroBiasZ / samples;
|
||||
|
||||
Serial.printf("Gyro bias X: %f\n", gyroBiasX);
|
||||
Serial.printf("Gyro bias Y: %f\n", gyroBiasY);
|
||||
Serial.printf("Gyro bias Z: %f\n", gyroBiasZ);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
График данных с гироскопа в состоянии покоя без калибровки. Можно увидеть статическую ошибку каждой из осей:
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/gyro-uncalibrated-plotter.png">
|
||||
|
||||
График данных с гироскопа в состоянии покоя после калибровки:
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/gyro-calibrated-plotter.png">
|
||||
|
||||
Откалиброванные данные с гироскопа вместе с данными с акселерометра поступают в *подсистему оценки состояния*.
|
||||
|
||||
## Дополнительные материалы
|
||||
|
||||
* [MPU-9250 datasheet](https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/PS-MPU-9250A-01-v1.1.pdf).
|
||||
* [MPU-6500 datasheet](https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PS-MPU-6500A-01-v1.3.pdf).
|
||||
* [ICM-20948 datasheet](https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/DS-000189-ICM-20948-v1.3.pdf).
|
1
docs/book/img
Symbolic link
@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||
../img
|
262
docs/book/js/rotation.js
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
|
||||
import * as THREE from 'three';
|
||||
import { SVGRenderer, SVGObject } from 'three/addons/renderers/SVGRenderer.js';
|
||||
import { OrbitControls } from 'three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js';
|
||||
|
||||
const diagramEl = document.getElementById('rotation-diagram');
|
||||
|
||||
const scene = new THREE.Scene();
|
||||
scene.background = new THREE.Color(0xffffff);
|
||||
|
||||
const camera = new THREE.OrthographicCamera();
|
||||
|
||||
camera.position.set(9, 26, 20);
|
||||
camera.up.set(0, 0, 1);
|
||||
camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0);
|
||||
|
||||
const renderer = new SVGRenderer();
|
||||
diagramEl.prepend(renderer.domElement);
|
||||
|
||||
const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);
|
||||
controls.enableZoom = false;
|
||||
|
||||
const LINE_WIDTH = 4;
|
||||
|
||||
function createLabel(text, x, y, z, min = false) {
|
||||
const label = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'text');
|
||||
label.setAttribute('class', 'label' + (min ? ' min' : ''));
|
||||
label.textContent = text;
|
||||
label.setAttribute('y', -15);
|
||||
const object = new SVGObject(label);
|
||||
object.position.x = x;
|
||||
object.position.y = y;
|
||||
object.position.z = z;
|
||||
return object;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function createLine(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2, color) {
|
||||
const geometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints([
|
||||
new THREE.Vector3(x1, y1, z1),
|
||||
new THREE.Vector3(x2, y2, z2)
|
||||
]);
|
||||
const material = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({ color: color, linewidth: LINE_WIDTH, transparent: true, opacity: 0.8 });
|
||||
const line = new THREE.Line(geometry, material);
|
||||
scene.add(line);
|
||||
return line;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function changeLine(line, x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2) {
|
||||
line.geometry.setFromPoints([new THREE.Vector3(x1, y1, z1), new THREE.Vector3(x2, y2, z2)]);
|
||||
return line;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function createVector(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2, color, label = '') {
|
||||
const HEAD_LENGTH = 1;
|
||||
const HEAD_WIDTH = 0.2;
|
||||
|
||||
const group = new THREE.Group();
|
||||
const direction = new THREE.Vector3(x2 - x1, y2 - y1, z2 - z1).normalize();
|
||||
const norm = new THREE.Vector3(x2 - x1, y2 - y1, z2 - z1).length();
|
||||
let end = new THREE.Vector3(x2, y2, z2);
|
||||
|
||||
if (norm > HEAD_LENGTH) {
|
||||
end = new THREE.Vector3(x2 - direction.x * HEAD_LENGTH / 2, y2 - direction.y * HEAD_LENGTH / 2, z2 - direction.z * HEAD_LENGTH / 2);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// create line
|
||||
const geometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints([new THREE.Vector3(x1, y1, z1), end]);
|
||||
const material = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({ color: color, linewidth: LINE_WIDTH, transparent: true, opacity: 0.8 });
|
||||
const line = new THREE.Line(geometry, material);
|
||||
group.add(line);
|
||||
|
||||
if (norm > HEAD_LENGTH) {
|
||||
// Create arrow
|
||||
const arrowGeometry = new THREE.ConeGeometry(HEAD_WIDTH, HEAD_LENGTH, 16);
|
||||
const arrowMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: color });
|
||||
const arrow = new THREE.Mesh(arrowGeometry, arrowMaterial);
|
||||
arrow.position.set(x2 - direction.x * HEAD_LENGTH / 2, y2 - direction.y * HEAD_LENGTH / 2, z2 - direction.z * HEAD_LENGTH / 2);
|
||||
arrow.lookAt(new THREE.Vector3(x1, y1, z1));
|
||||
arrow.rotateX(-Math.PI / 2);
|
||||
group.add(arrow);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// create label
|
||||
if (label) group.add(createLabel(label, x2, y2, z2));
|
||||
scene.add(group);
|
||||
return group;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function changeVector(vector, x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2, color, label = '') {
|
||||
vector.removeFromParent();
|
||||
return createVector(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2, color, label);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function createDrone(x, y, z) {
|
||||
const group = new THREE.Group();
|
||||
|
||||
// Fuselage and wing triangle (main body)
|
||||
const fuselageGeometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
|
||||
const fuselageVertices = new Float32Array([
|
||||
1, 0, 0,
|
||||
-1, 0.6, 0,
|
||||
-1, -0.6, 0
|
||||
]);
|
||||
fuselageGeometry.setAttribute('position', new THREE.BufferAttribute(fuselageVertices, 3));
|
||||
const fuselageMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0xb3b3b3, side: THREE.DoubleSide, transparent: true, opacity: 0.8 });
|
||||
const fuselage = new THREE.Mesh(fuselageGeometry, fuselageMaterial);
|
||||
group.add(fuselage);
|
||||
|
||||
// Tail triangle
|
||||
const tailGeometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
|
||||
const tailVertices = new Float32Array([
|
||||
-0.2, 0, 0,
|
||||
-1, 0, 0,
|
||||
-1, 0, 0.5,
|
||||
]);
|
||||
tailGeometry.setAttribute('position', new THREE.BufferAttribute(tailVertices, 3));
|
||||
const tailMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0xd80100, side: THREE.DoubleSide, transparent: true, opacity: 0.9 });
|
||||
const tail = new THREE.Mesh(tailGeometry, tailMaterial);
|
||||
group.add(tail);
|
||||
|
||||
group.position.set(x, y, z);
|
||||
group.scale.set(2, 2, 2);
|
||||
scene.add(group);
|
||||
return group;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Create axes
|
||||
const AXES_LENGTH = 10;
|
||||
createVector(0, 0, 0, AXES_LENGTH, 0, 0, 0xd80100, 'x');
|
||||
createVector(0, 0, 0, 0, AXES_LENGTH, 0, 0x0076ba, 'y');
|
||||
createVector(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, AXES_LENGTH, 0x57ed00, 'z');
|
||||
|
||||
// Rotation values
|
||||
const rotationAxisSrc = new THREE.Vector3(2, 1, 3);
|
||||
let rotationAngle = 0;
|
||||
let rotationAxis = rotationAxisSrc.clone().normalize();
|
||||
let rotationVector = new THREE.Vector3(rotationAxis.x * rotationAngle, rotationAxis.y * rotationAngle, rotationAxis.z * rotationAngle);
|
||||
|
||||
let rotationVectorObj = createVector(0, 0, 0, rotationVector.x, rotationVector.y, rotationVector.z, 0xff9900);
|
||||
let axisObj = createLine(0, 0, 0, rotationAxis.x * AXES_LENGTH, rotationAxis.y * AXES_LENGTH, rotationAxis.z * AXES_LENGTH, 0xe8e8e8);
|
||||
|
||||
const drone = createDrone(0, 0, 0);
|
||||
|
||||
// UI
|
||||
const angleInput = diagramEl.querySelector('input[name=angle]');
|
||||
const rotationVectorEl = diagramEl.querySelector('.rotation-vector');
|
||||
const angleEl = diagramEl.querySelector('.angle');
|
||||
const quaternionEl = diagramEl.querySelector('.quaternion');
|
||||
const eulerEl = diagramEl.querySelector('.euler');
|
||||
diagramEl.querySelector('.axis').innerHTML = `<b style='color:#b6b6b6'>Ось вращения:</b> (${rotationAxisSrc.x}, ${rotationAxisSrc.y}, ${rotationAxisSrc.z}) ∥ (${rotationAxis.x.toFixed(1)}, ${rotationAxis.y.toFixed(1)}, ${rotationAxis.z.toFixed(1)})`;
|
||||
|
||||
function updateScene() {
|
||||
rotationAngle = parseFloat(angleInput.value) * Math.PI / 180;
|
||||
rotationVector.set(rotationAxis.x * rotationAngle, rotationAxis.y * rotationAngle, rotationAxis.z * rotationAngle);
|
||||
rotationVectorObj = changeVector(rotationVectorObj, 0, 0, 0, rotationVector.x, rotationVector.y, rotationVector.z, 0xff9900);
|
||||
|
||||
// rotate drone
|
||||
drone.rotation.set(0, 0, 0);
|
||||
drone.rotateOnAxis(rotationAxis, rotationAngle);
|
||||
|
||||
// update labels
|
||||
angleEl.innerHTML = `<b>Угол вращения:</b> ${parseFloat(angleInput.value).toFixed(0)}° = ${(rotationAngle).toFixed(2)} рад`;
|
||||
rotationVectorEl.innerHTML = `<b style='color:#e49a44'>Вектор вращения:</b> (${rotationVector.x.toFixed(1)}, ${rotationVector.y.toFixed(1)}, ${rotationVector.z.toFixed(1)}) рад`;
|
||||
|
||||
let quaternion = new THREE.Quaternion();
|
||||
quaternion.setFromAxisAngle(rotationAxis, rotationAngle);
|
||||
|
||||
quaternionEl.innerHTML = `<b>Кватернион:</b>
|
||||
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mrow>
|
||||
<mo>(</mo>
|
||||
<mrow>
|
||||
<mi>cos</mi>
|
||||
<mo>(</mo>
|
||||
<mfrac>
|
||||
<mi>${rotationAngle.toFixed(2)}</mi>
|
||||
<mn>2</mn>
|
||||
</mfrac>
|
||||
<mo>)</mo>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
<mo>, </mo>
|
||||
<mrow>
|
||||
<mi>${rotationAxis.x.toFixed(1)}</mi>
|
||||
<mo>·</mo>
|
||||
<mi>sin</mi>
|
||||
<mo>(</mo>
|
||||
<mfrac>
|
||||
<mi>${rotationAngle.toFixed(2)}</mi>
|
||||
<mn>2</mn>
|
||||
</mfrac>
|
||||
<mo>)</mo>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
<mo>, </mo>
|
||||
<mrow>
|
||||
<mi>${rotationAxis.y.toFixed(1)}</mi>
|
||||
<mo>·</mo>
|
||||
<mi>sin</mi>
|
||||
<mo>(</mo>
|
||||
<mfrac>
|
||||
<mi>${rotationAngle.toFixed(2)}</mi>
|
||||
<mn>2</mn>
|
||||
</mfrac>
|
||||
<mo>)</mo>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
<mo>,</mo>
|
||||
<mrow>
|
||||
<mi>${rotationAxis.z.toFixed(1)}</mi>
|
||||
<mo>·</mo>
|
||||
<mi>sin</mi>
|
||||
<mo>(</mo>
|
||||
<mfrac>
|
||||
<mi>${rotationAngle.toFixed(2)}</mi>
|
||||
<mn>2</mn>
|
||||
</mfrac>
|
||||
<mo>)</mo>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
<mo>)</mo>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
= (${quaternion.w.toFixed(1)}, ${(quaternion.x).toFixed(1)}, ${(quaternion.y).toFixed(1)}, ${(quaternion.z).toFixed(1)})`;
|
||||
|
||||
eulerEl.innerHTML = `<b>Углы Эйлера:</b> крен ${(drone.rotation.x * 180 / Math.PI).toFixed(0)}°,
|
||||
тангаж ${(drone.rotation.y * 180 / Math.PI).toFixed(0)}°, рыскание ${(drone.rotation.z * 180 / Math.PI).toFixed(0)}°`;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function updateCamera() {
|
||||
const RANGE = 8;
|
||||
const VERT_SHIFT = 2;
|
||||
const HOR_SHIFT = -2;
|
||||
const width = renderer.domElement.clientWidth;
|
||||
const height = renderer.domElement.clientHeight;
|
||||
const ratio = width / height;
|
||||
if (ratio > 1) {
|
||||
camera.left = -RANGE * ratio;
|
||||
camera.right = RANGE * ratio;
|
||||
camera.top = RANGE + VERT_SHIFT;
|
||||
camera.bottom = -RANGE + VERT_SHIFT;
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
camera.left = -RANGE + HOR_SHIFT;
|
||||
camera.right = RANGE + HOR_SHIFT;
|
||||
camera.top = RANGE / ratio + VERT_SHIFT;
|
||||
camera.bottom = -RANGE / ratio + VERT_SHIFT;
|
||||
}
|
||||
camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
|
||||
renderer.setSize(width, height);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function update() {
|
||||
// requestAnimationFrame(update);
|
||||
updateCamera();
|
||||
updateScene();
|
||||
controls.update();
|
||||
renderer.render(scene, camera);
|
||||
}
|
||||
update();
|
||||
|
||||
window.addEventListener('resize', update);
|
||||
angleInput.addEventListener('input', update);
|
||||
angleInput.addEventListener('change', update);
|
||||
diagramEl.addEventListener('mousemove', update);
|
||||
diagramEl.addEventListener('touchmove', update);
|
||||
diagramEl.addEventListener('scroll', update);
|
||||
diagramEl.addEventListener('wheel', update);
|
139
docs/build.md
@ -1,12 +1,25 @@
|
||||
# Building and running
|
||||
|
||||
To build the firmware or the simulator, you need to clone the repository using git:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
git clone https://github.com/okalachev/flix.git
|
||||
cd flix
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Simulation
|
||||
|
||||
Dependencies are [Gazebo Classic simulator](https://classic.gazebosim.org) and [SDL2](https://www.libsdl.org) library.
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu
|
||||
|
||||
1. Install Gazebo 11:
|
||||
The latest version of Ubuntu supported by Gazebo 11 simulator is 22.04. If you have a newer version, consider using a virtual machine.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Install Arduino CLI:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/arduino-cli/master/install.sh | BINDIR=~/.local/bin sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
2. Install Gazebo 11:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl -sSL http://get.gazebosim.org | sh
|
||||
@ -19,13 +32,19 @@ Dependencies are [Gazebo Classic simulator](https://classic.gazebosim.org) and [
|
||||
source ~/.bashrc
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
2. Install SDL2:
|
||||
3. Install SDL2 and other dependencies:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo apt-get install libsdl2-dev
|
||||
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install build-essential libsdl2-dev
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
3. Run the simulation:
|
||||
4. Add your user to the `input` group to enable joystick support (you need to re-login after this command):
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo usermod -a -G input $USER
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
5. Run the simulation:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
make simulator
|
||||
@ -39,31 +58,73 @@ Dependencies are [Gazebo Classic simulator](https://classic.gazebosim.org) and [
|
||||
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
2. Install Gazebo 11 and SDL2:
|
||||
2. Install Arduino CLI, Gazebo 11 and SDL2:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
brew tap osrf/simulation
|
||||
brew install arduino-cli
|
||||
brew install gazebo11
|
||||
brew install sdl2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Set up your Gazebo environment variables:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
echo "source /opt/homebrew/share/gazebo/setup.sh" >> ~/.zshrc
|
||||
source ~/.zshrc
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
3. Run the simulation:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
make simulator
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Setup and flight
|
||||
|
||||
#### Control with smartphone
|
||||
|
||||
1. Install [QGroundControl mobile app](https://docs.qgroundcontrol.com/master/en/qgc-user-guide/getting_started/download_and_install.html#android) on your smartphone. For **iOS**, use [QGroundControl build from TAJISOFT](https://apps.apple.com/ru/app/qgc-from-tajisoft/id1618653051).
|
||||
2. Connect your smartphone to the same Wi-Fi network as the machine running the simulator.
|
||||
3. If you're using a virtual machine, make sure that its network is set to the **bridged** mode with Wi-Fi adapter selected.
|
||||
4. Run the simulation.
|
||||
5. Open QGroundControl app. It should connect and begin showing the virtual drone's telemetry automatically.
|
||||
6. Go to the settings and enable *Virtual Joystick*. *Auto-Center Throttle* setting **should be disabled**.
|
||||
7. Use the virtual joystick to fly the drone!
|
||||
|
||||
#### Control with USB remote control
|
||||
|
||||
1. Connect your USB remote control to the machine running the simulator.
|
||||
2. Run the simulation.
|
||||
3. Calibrate the RC using `cr` command in the command line interface.
|
||||
4. Run the simulation again.
|
||||
5. Use the USB remote control to fly the drone!
|
||||
|
||||
## Firmware
|
||||
|
||||
### Arduino IDE (Windows, Linux, macOS)
|
||||
|
||||
1. Install [Arduino IDE](https://www.arduino.cc/en/software).
|
||||
2. Install ESP32 core using [Boards Manager](https://docs.arduino.cc/learn/starting-guide/cores).
|
||||
3. Build and upload the firmware using Arduino IDE.
|
||||
1. Install [Arduino IDE](https://www.arduino.cc/en/software) (version 2 is recommended).
|
||||
2. Windows users might need to install [USB to UART bridge driver from Silicon Labs](https://www.silabs.com/developers/usb-to-uart-bridge-vcp-drivers).
|
||||
3. Install ESP32 core, version 3.2.0. See the [official Espressif's instructions](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/arduino-esp32/en/latest/installing.html#installing-using-arduino-ide) on installing ESP32 Core in Arduino IDE.
|
||||
4. Install the following libraries using [Library Manager](https://docs.arduino.cc/software/ide-v2/tutorials/ide-v2-installing-a-library):
|
||||
* `FlixPeriph`, the latest version.
|
||||
* `MAVLink`, version 2.0.16.
|
||||
5. Clone the project using git or [download the source code as a ZIP archive](https://codeload.github.com/okalachev/flix/zip/refs/heads/master).
|
||||
6. Open the downloaded Arduino sketch `flix/flix.ino` in Arduino IDE.
|
||||
7. Connect your ESP32 board to the computer and choose correct board type in Arduino IDE (*WEMOS D1 MINI ESP32* for ESP32 Mini) and the port.
|
||||
8. [Build and upload](https://docs.arduino.cc/software/ide-v2/tutorials/getting-started/ide-v2-uploading-a-sketch) the firmware using Arduino IDE.
|
||||
|
||||
### Command line (Windows, Linux, macOS)
|
||||
|
||||
1. [Install Arduino CLI](https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/installation/).
|
||||
|
||||
On Linux, use:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/arduino-cli/master/install.sh | BINDIR=~/.local/bin sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
2. Windows users might need to install [USB to UART bridge driver from Silicon Labs](https://www.silabs.com/developers/usb-to-uart-bridge-vcp-drivers).
|
||||
3. Compile the firmware using `make`. Arduino dependencies will be installed automatically:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -84,3 +145,61 @@ Dependencies are [Gazebo Classic simulator](https://classic.gazebosim.org) and [
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
See other available Make commands in the [Makefile](../Makefile).
|
||||
|
||||
> [!TIP]
|
||||
> You can test the firmware on a bare ESP32 board without connecting IMU and other peripherals. The Wi-Fi network `flix` should appear and all the basic functionality including CLI and QGroundControl connection should work.
|
||||
|
||||
### Setup and flight
|
||||
|
||||
Before flight you need to calibrate the accelerometer:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Open Serial Monitor in Arduino IDE (or use `make monitor` command in the command line).
|
||||
2. Type `ca` command there and follow the instructions.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Control with smartphone
|
||||
|
||||
1. Install [QGroundControl mobile app](https://docs.qgroundcontrol.com/master/en/qgc-user-guide/getting_started/download_and_install.html#android) on your smartphone.
|
||||
2. Power the drone using the battery.
|
||||
3. Connect your smartphone to the appeared `flix` Wi-Fi network (password: `flixwifi`).
|
||||
4. Open QGroundControl app. It should connect and begin showing the drone's telemetry automatically.
|
||||
5. Go to the settings and enable *Virtual Joystick*. *Auto-Center Throttle* setting **should be disabled**.
|
||||
6. Use the virtual joystick to fly the drone!
|
||||
|
||||
#### Control with remote control
|
||||
|
||||
Before flight using remote control, you need to calibrate it:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Open Serial Monitor in Arduino IDE (or use `make monitor` command in the command line).
|
||||
2. Type `cr` command there and follow the instructions.
|
||||
3. Use the remote control to fly the drone!
|
||||
|
||||
#### Control with USB remote control
|
||||
|
||||
If your drone doesn't have RC receiver installed, you can use USB remote control and QGroundControl app to fly it.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Install [QGroundControl](https://docs.qgroundcontrol.com/master/en/qgc-user-guide/getting_started/download_and_install.html) app on your computer.
|
||||
2. Connect your USB remote control to the computer.
|
||||
3. Power up the drone.
|
||||
4. Connect your computer to the appeared `flix` Wi-Fi network (password: `flixwifi`).
|
||||
5. Launch QGroundControl app. It should connect and begin showing the drone's telemetry automatically.
|
||||
6. Go the the QGroundControl menu ⇒ *Vehicle Setup* ⇒ *Joystick*. Calibrate you USB remote control there.
|
||||
7. Use the USB remote control to fly the drone!
|
||||
|
||||
#### Adjusting parameters
|
||||
|
||||
You can adjust some of the drone's parameters (include PID coefficients) in QGroundControl app. In order to do that, go to the QGroundControl menu ⇒ *Vehicle Setup* ⇒ *Parameters*.
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/parameters.png" width="400">
|
||||
|
||||
#### CLI access
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to accessing the drone's command line interface (CLI) using the serial port, you can also access it with QGroundControl using Wi-Fi connection. To do that, go to the QGroundControl menu ⇒ *Vehicle Setup* ⇒ *Analyze Tools* ⇒ *MAVLink Console*.
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/cli.png" width="400">
|
||||
|
||||
> [!NOTE]
|
||||
> If something goes wrong, go to the [Troubleshooting](troubleshooting.md) article.
|
||||
|
||||
### Firmware code structure
|
||||
|
||||
See [firmware overview](firmware.md) for more details.
|
||||
|
39
docs/firmware.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
|
||||
# Firmware overview
|
||||
|
||||
The firmware is a regular Arduino sketch, and follows the classic Arduino one-threaded design. The initialization code is in the `setup()` function, and the main loop is in the `loop()` function. The sketch includes multiple files, each responsible for a specific part of the system.
|
||||
|
||||
## Dataflow
|
||||
|
||||
<img src="img/dataflow.svg" width=800 alt="Firmware dataflow diagram">
|
||||
|
||||
The main loop is running at 1000 Hz. All the dataflow is happening through global variables (for simplicity):
|
||||
|
||||
* `t` *(double)* — current step time, *s*.
|
||||
* `dt` *(float)* — time delta between the current and previous steps, *s*.
|
||||
* `gyro` *(Vector)* — data from the gyroscope, *rad/s*.
|
||||
* `acc` *(Vector)* — acceleration data from the accelerometer, *m/s<sup>2</sup>*.
|
||||
* `rates` *(Vector)* — filtered angular rates, *rad/s*.
|
||||
* `attitude` *(Quaternion)* — estimated attitude (orientation) of drone.
|
||||
* `controlRoll`, `controlPitch`, ... *(float[])* — pilot's control inputs, range [-1, 1].
|
||||
* `motors` *(float[])* — motor outputs, range [0, 1].
|
||||
|
||||
## Source files
|
||||
|
||||
Firmware source files are located in `flix` directory. The key files are:
|
||||
|
||||
* [`flix.ino`](../flix/flix.ino) — main entry point, Arduino sketch. Includes global variables definition and the main loop.
|
||||
* [`imu.ino`](../flix/imu.ino) — reading data from the IMU sensor (gyroscope and accelerometer), IMU calibration.
|
||||
* [`rc.ino`](../flix/rc.ino) — reading data from the RC receiver, RC calibration.
|
||||
* [`estimate.ino`](../flix/estimate.ino) — drone's attitude estimation, complementary filter.
|
||||
* [`control.ino`](../flix/control.ino) — drone's attitude and rates control, three-dimensional two-level cascade PID controller.
|
||||
* [`motors.ino`](../flix/motors.ino) — PWM motor outputs control.
|
||||
|
||||
Utility files include:
|
||||
|
||||
* [`vector.h`](../flix/vector.h), [`quaternion.h`](../flix/quaternion.h) — project's vector and quaternion libraries implementation.
|
||||
* [`pid.h`](../flix/pid.h) — generic PID controller implementation.
|
||||
* [`lpf.h`](../flix/lpf.h) — generic low-pass filter implementation.
|
||||
|
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## Building
|
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|
||||
See build instructions in [build.md](build.md).
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